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      REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY AFTER INDUCED ANESTRUS USING ALTRENOGEST IN Tursiops truncatus FEMALES IN CAPTIVITY IN MARINE ENVIRONMENT Translated title: ACTIVIDAD REPRODUCTIVA DESPUÉS DEL ANESTRO INDUCIDO CON ALTRENOGEST EN HEMBRAS DE Tursiops truncatus EN CAUTIVERIO EN AMBIENTE MARINO

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          Abstract

          Interest to reproduce Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in captivity has increased due to the international restrictions for its commercialization and the risks and logistical difficulties for transporting specimens. Therefore, it has become important to study its reproductive biology in captivity. The objective of the present study was to determine altrenogest (Regumate ®) post-treatment indicators of vaginal cytology, estradiol levels and restarting of reproductive activity of T truncatus females in captivity in marine environment. Twelve females received altrenogest at a daily dose of 0.07mg kg-1 for a year. A total 420 slides of vaginal cytology of each female were performed to determine the percentage of cornified cells. Also, 60 blood samples of each animal were analyzed to determine estradiol levels. Regarding the vaginal cytology; percentage of cornified cells increased between 60 and 70% from day 4 to day 9 after removing the altrenogest treatment and between 70 and 80% from day 12 to day 19. Estradiol levels were in the range of 16 to 1l4pg ml-1 during the entire monitoring period. A positive correlation (r = 0.7062; P<0.05) was found between these indicators. Therefore, we conclude that treatment with altrenogest and monitoring the estrous cycle with simple techniques such as vaginal cytology might be used for designing protocols for assisted reproduction for groups of T truncatus in captivity.

          Translated abstract

          La necesidad de reproducir delfín nariz de botella (Tursiops truncatus) en cautiverio se ha incrementado debido a las restricciones internacionales para su comercialización y por el riesgo y dificultad logística para el traslado de ejemplares. Por lo anterior, se hace importante conocer su biología reproductiva en cautiverio. El objetivo de este trabajo, fue conocer los indicadores post tratamiento con altrenogest (Regumate®), de citología vaginal, niveles de estradiol y reinicio de la actividad reproductiva en cautiverio de hembras de T truncatus en ambiente marino. Por un año, 12 hembras recibieron diariamente una dosis de 0,07mg kg-1 de altrenogest. Se realizaron un total 420 citologías vaginales, una diaria de cada hembra, para determinar el porcentaje de células cornificadas. También se obtuvieron de la red vascular, 60 muestras sanguíneas, en las que se determinó los niveles de estradiol. En cuanto a la citología vaginal, al cuarto día de retirar la administración de altrenogest, el porcentaje total de células cornificadas incrementó del 60% a 70% hasta el día nueve y continuó ascendiendo al 80% entre los días 12 al 19. Los niveles de estradiol, presentaron un rango de 16 a 114pg ml-1. Se encontró una correlación (r = 0,7062 P<0.05) positiva entre estos indicadores. Se concluye que es posible la manipulación con altrenogest y el monitoreo del ciclo estral de las hembras mediante técnicas simples como la citología vaginal para el diseño de protocolos de reproducción asistida específicos para grupos en cautiverio de T truncatus.

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          Estrous cycle characterisation and artificial insemination using frozen-thawed spermatozoa in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).

          The reproductive endocrinology of the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, was characterized to facilitate the development of artificial insemination using cryopreserved spermatozoa. Specific objectives were: (i) to determine the excretory dynamics of urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) and ovarian steroid metabolites during the estrous cycle; (ii) to evaluate the effect of an exogenously administered synthetic progesterone analog (altrenogest) on reproductive hormone excretion; (iii) to correlate follicular growth and ovulation (as determined by transabdominal ultrasound) to urinary LH and ovarian steroid metabolites; (iv) examine the in vivo fertilisation capacity of cryopreserved semen, and (v) to develop an intrauterine insemination technique. Based on urinary endocrine monitoring of natural estrous cycles (2 consecutive cycles) and nine post altrenogest cycles in ten females, estrous cycles were found to be 36 days long and comprised of an 8 day and 19 day follicular and luteal phase, respectively. Peak estrogen conjugates (EC; 5.4+/-3.8 ng/mg creatinine (Cr)) occurred 8 h prior to the LH surge (70.9+/-115.7 ng/mg Cr). The time of ovulation, as determined by ultrasonography, occurred 32.1+/-8.9 h and 24.3+/-7.0 h after the onset of the LH surge and LH peak, respectively. Mean preovulatory follicular diameter and circumference were 2.1+/-0.5 cm and 6.5+/-1.5 cm, respectively. Of the 27 estrous synchronisation attempts, 13 resulted in an ovulatory cycle, with ovulation occurring 21 days post-altrenogest treatment. Intrauterine (4 of 5) and intracornual (1 of 3) inseminations conducted across eight estrous cycles resulted in five pregnancies (63%), one pregnancy resulted from the use of liquid stored semen, whereas four were achieved using cryopreserved semen. These data provide new information on female bottlenose dolphin reproductive physiology, and demonstrate that the combination of endocrine monitoring and serial ultrasonography contributed to successful AI using liquid-stored and cryopreserved semen.
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            Reproduction in Farm Animals

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              Study on reproduction of captive marine mammals.

              The reproductive endocrinological characteristics of beluga, killer whale, spotted seal and bottlenose dolphin were evaluated and used in conjunction with applied reproductive research to enhance captive breeding programs. Results from 8 y of biweekly serum progesterone determination in a female beluga indicated that sexual maturity occured at approximately age 13, two to seven estrous cycles, lasting 37 +/- 3.9 days, per yr began in April-May every year. Rectal temperature was positively correlated with serum progesterone levels and negatively associated with behavioral estrus. In five cases of pregnancy of two female killer whale, positive relationship was found between serum progesterone concentration and temperature during the first period of 18 month-gestation. In the normal parturitions (n=4), rectal temperature decreased 0.8 C lower than average rectal temperature during pregnancy. Sexual maturity of female killer whales occurred at age nine. Yearly contraception in the mono-estrus captive spotted seals (n=10) using a single dose of the progestagen (proligestone(TM); 5 or 10 mg/kg s.c.) was achieved in 94% (33/35) of the attempts over 5 yr when the hormone was administered two months prior to the breeding season. Artificial insemination trials (n=4) were conducted in female bottlenose dolphin (n=3) using fresh and frozen-thawed semen. Estrus synchronization using regumate (27 days) resulted in ovulation occurring 19 to 24 days post withdrawal. Conception was confirmed in 75% of the attempts, with two females successfully delivering calves.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rfmvz
                Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia
                Rev. Med. Vet. Zoot.
                Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Bogotá )
                0120-2952
                August 2015
                : 62
                : 2
                : 16-22
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana
                [2 ] Dolphin Discovery México México
                [3 ] Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana
                Article
                S0120-29522015000200003
                10.15446/rfmvz.v62n2.51989
                676cec92-771b-4215-871b-b12f4d713a93

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0120-2952&lng=en
                Categories
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                General veterinary medicine
                Altrenogest,Bottle-Nosed,estrous,reproduction,delfín,estro,reproducción
                General veterinary medicine
                Altrenogest, Bottle-Nosed, estrous, reproduction, delfín, estro, reproducción

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