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      The Interplay Between Problematic Online Pornography Use, Psychological Stress, Emotion Dysregulation and Insomnia Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mediation Analysis

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          Although a link between problematic online pornographic use (POPU) and insomnia symptoms has been established, psychological and psychopathological mechanisms underlying this relationship are still not clear. Psychological stress and emotion dysregulation have been pointed out as relevant in the development and maintenance of insomnia. This study aims to explore the associations between POPU, psychological stress, emotion dysregulation and insomnia symptoms and to understand the mediating role of psychological stress and emotion dysregulation in the relationship between POPU and insomnia symptoms.

          Participants and Methods

          A sample of 776 Italian adults aged 19–48 years (51.4% female; M age = 28.49; SD = 7.33) completed questionnaires regarding demographics, COVID-19-related variables, POPU, psychological stress, emotion dysregulation, and insomnia symptoms.

          Results

          After controlling for demographic covariates and COVID-19-related variables, multiple mediation model showed that higher psychological stress and emotion dysregulation fully mediated the link between POPU and insomnia.

          Conclusion

          The findings underscore the significance of the negative consequences of POPU and underline the importance of working on this and its effects on psychological stress and emotion dysregulation to limit insomnia.

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          Most cited references81

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          The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China

          Wenjun Cao, Ziwei Fang, Guoqiang Hou … (2020)
          Highlights • Methods of guiding students to effectively and appropriately regulate their emotions during public health emergencies and avoid losses caused by crisis events have become an urgent problem for colleges and universities. Therefore, we investigated and analyzed the mental health status of college students during the epidemic for the following purposes. (1) To evaluate the mental situation of college students during the epidemic; (2) to provide a theoretical basis for psychological interventions with college students; and (3) to provide a basis for the promulgation of national and governmental policies.
          Article 0 comments Cited 1981 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models

            Kristopher J Preacher, Andrew Hayes (2004)
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              Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey

              Yeen Huang, Ning Zhao (2020)
              Highlights • The COVID-19 outbreak significantly affects the mental health of Chinese public • During the outbreak, young people had a higher risk of anxiety than older people • Spending too much time thinking about the outbreak is harmful to mental health • Healthcare workers were at high risk for poor sleep
              Article 0 comments Cited 1502 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nat Sci Sleep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nat Sci Sleep
                Journal ID (publisher-id): nss
                Title: Nature and Science of Sleep
                Publisher: Dove
                ISSN (Electronic): 1179-1608
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 January 2022
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Volume: 14
                Pages: 83-92
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
                [2 ]Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
                [3 ]Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
                [4 ]Department of Human Sciences, Lumsa University of Rome , Rome, Italy
                [5 ]Department of History, Cultural Heritage, Education and Society, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
                [6 ]Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena, Italy
                [7 ]IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna (ISNB) , Bologna, Italy
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Alessandro Musetti, Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma , Borgo Carissimi 10, Parma, 43121, Italy, Tel +39 0521 034820, Email alessandro.musetti@unipr.it
                [*]

                These authors contributed equally to this work

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4125-0068
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0849-1249
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1051-0472
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0678-5465
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-5209
                Article
                Publisher ID: 348242
                DOI: 10.2147/NSS.S348242
                PMC ID: 8786338
                PubMed ID: 35082545
                SO-VID: 67738c85-13ba-4ecb-85b5-5c8109dfaf61
                Copyright © © 2022 Musetti et al.
                License:

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                Date received : 07 November 2021
                Date accepted : 13 January 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 5, References: 81, Pages: 10
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research

                Keywords: addictive behaviors,online pornography,problematic online pornographic use,stress,emotion dysregulation,clinical psychology,insomnia
                Data availability:
                Keywords: addictive behaviors, online pornography, problematic online pornographic use, stress, emotion dysregulation, clinical psychology, insomnia

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