2
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de complicaciones de la herida quirúrgica en el trasplante renal Translated title: Risk factors for the development of surgical wound complications in renal transplantation

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: Las complicaciones quirúrgicas suponen un riesgo para el paciente tras el trasplante renal, siendo diversos los posibles factores de riesgo implicados. Objetivo: Determinar qué factores de riesgo contribuyen a la aparición de complicaciones de la herida quirúrgica en pacientes sometidos a un trasplante renal. Material y Método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en pacientes trasplantados renales desde enero 2018 a diciembre 2021. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y clínicos del donante y del receptor. Se analizó la incidencia de infección y dehiscencia de la herida quirúrgica y sus factores de riesgo. Resultados: Presentaron infección el 13,5% de los pacientes y dehiscencia el 15,9% de la muestra, siendo pacientes con más edad (61,71±9,81 años frente a 56,56±11,88 años; p=0,030), con mayor tasa de sobrepeso según su IMC (42,9% frente 19,6%; p=0,046) y una mayor comorbilidad asociada (3,07±1,54 frente a 2,23±1,38 puntos; p=0,003). De los pacientes con infección, el 53,6% presentó, además, dehiscencia superficial de la herida. El exudado apareció en el 90,9% de los casos que desarrollaron una dehiscencia frente al 12,1% de los pacientes que no sufrieron dicha complicación (p<0,001). Conclusiones: La infección y la dehiscencia son complicaciones frecuentes tras el TR. La edad, el sobrepeso, comorbilidad alta y el exudado son factores de riesgo para desarrollar complicaciones de la herida quirúrgica tras el trasplante renal.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: Surgical complications are a risk for the patient after kidney transplantation, with several possible risk factors involved. Objective: To determine which risk factors contribute to the development of surgical wound complications in renal transplant patients. Material and Method: Retrospective cohort study in renal transplant patients from January 2018 to December 2021. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from the donor and recipient. The incidence of surgical wound infection and dehiscence, and risk factors were analysed. Results: 13.5% of the patients presented infection and 15.9% dehiscence, being older patients (61.71±9.81 years versus 56.56±11.88 years; p=0.030), with a higher rate of overweight according to BMI (42.9% versus 19.6%; p=0.046) and a higher associated comorbidity (3.07±1.54 versus 2.23±1.38; p=0.003). Of the patients with infection, 53.6% also had superficial wound dehiscence. Exudate appeared in 90.9% of the cases who developed dehiscence compared to 12.1% of the patients who did not suffer such a complication (p<0.001). Conclusions: Infection and dehiscence are frequent complications after renal transplantation. Age, overweight, high comorbidity and exudate are risk factors for developing surgical wound complications after renal transplantation.

          Related collections

          Most cited references19

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Surgical Site Infection after Renal Transplantation

          To identify factors associated with the development of surgical site infection (SSI) among adult patients undergoing renal transplantation A retrospective cohort study An urban tertiary care center in Baltimore, Maryland, with a well-established renal transplantation program that performs ~200–250renal transplant procedures annually At total of 441 adult patients underwent renal transplantation between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2011. Of these 441patients, 66 (15%) developed an SSI; of these 66, 31 (47%) were superficial incisional infections and 35 (53%) were deep-incisional or organ-space infections. The average body mass index (BMI) among this patient cohort was 29.7; 84 (42%) were obese (BMI >30). Patients who developed an SSI had a greater mean BMI (31.7 vs 29.4; P =.004) and were more likely to have a history of peripheral vascular disease, rheumatologic disease, and narcotic abuse. History of cerebral vascular disease was protective. Multivariate analysis showed BMI (odds ratio [OR] 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.11) and past history of narcotic use/abuse (OR, 4.86; 95% CI, 1.24–19.12) to be significantly associated with development of SSI after controlling for National Healthcare Surveillance Network (NHSN) score and presence of cerebrovascular, peripheral vascular, and rheumatologic disease. We identified higher BMI as a risk factor for the development of SSI following renal transplantation. Notably, neither aggregate comorbidity scores nor NHSN risk index were associated with SSI in this population. Additional risk adjustment measures and research in this area are needed to compare SSIs across transplant centers. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–7
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Targeting risk factors for impaired wound healing and wound complications after kidney transplantation.

            Because of potent immunosuppression, impaired wound healing and complications are frequent features after kidney transplantation (KTx). To investigate the incidence and nature of impaired wound healing and complications at a single transplantation center in Norway. Of 226 patients who underwent KTx, 199 (87%) were followed up prospectively for 1 year (2005) via close and meticulous wound inspection. The study revealed a high rate of wound complications (200-250/y) in a high-volume center. Fifty-four patients (27%) experienced prolonged wound healing, defined as gaps, secretions, or wound complications, at 3 to 5 weeks posttransplantation, and 41 patients (21%) had impaired wound healing, defined as gaps, secretions, or wound complications after 5 weeks posttransplantation. In total, 50 patients (25%) required surgical or radiologic reintervention. Complications included lymphocele in 29 patients (14.6%), wound dehiscence in 16 (8.0%), bleeding or hematoma in 10 (5.0%), and infection in 9 (4.5%). Risk factors associated with wound complications included recipient older than 60 years, body mass index greater than 30, hemoglobin concentration less than 10 g/dL, albumin concentration less than 36 g/dL, duration of surgery more than 200 minutes, no subcutaneous sutures, and sirolimus or everolimus therapy. At nominal and logistic regression analysis, recipient older than 60 years, body mass index greater than 30, and no subcutaneous sutures were independent risk factors. Risk factor analysis and previous documentation suggest that wound complications might be counteracted using the following measures: subcutaneous sutures, predialysis transplantation, sealing or ligation of lymphatic trunks, prophylactic fenestration, reduction of corticosteroid load, and avoiding sirolimus/everolimus therapy. 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Early versus delayed dressing removal after primary closure of clean and clean-contaminated surgical wounds

              Most surgical procedures involve a cut in the skin that allows the surgeon to gain access to the deeper tissues or organs. Most surgical wounds are closed fully at the end of the procedure (primary closure). The surgeon covers the closed surgical wound with either a dressing or adhesive tape. The dressing can act as a physical barrier to protect the wound until the continuity of the skin is restored (within about 48 hours) and to absorb exudate from the wound, keeping it dry and clean, and preventing bacterial contamination from the external environment. Some studies have found that the moist environment created by some dressings accelerates wound healing, although others believe that the moist environment can be a disadvantage, as excessive exudate can cause maceration (softening and deterioration) of the wound and the surrounding healthy tissue. The utility of dressing surgical wounds beyond 48 hours of surgery is, therefore, controversial. To evaluate the benefits and risks of removing a dressing covering a closed surgical incision site within 48 hours permanently (early dressing removal) or beyond 48 hours of surgery permanently with interim dressing changes allowed (delayed dressing removal), on surgical site infection. In March 2015 we searched the following electronic databases: The Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register; The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) ( The Cochrane Library ); Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) ( The Cochrane Library ); Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid MEDLINE (In‐Process & Other Non‐Indexed Citations); Ovid EMBASE; and EBSCO CINAHL. We also searched the references of included trials to identify further potentially‐relevant trials. Two review authors independently identified studies for inclusion. We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) conducted with people of any age and sex, undergoing a surgical procedure, who had their wound closed and a dressing applied. We included only trials that compared early versus delayed dressing removal. We excluded trials that included people with contaminated or dirty wounds. We also excluded quasi‐randomised studies, and other study designs. Two review authors independently extracted data on the characteristics of the trial participants, risk of bias in the trials and outcomes for each trial. We calculated risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for binary outcomes and mean difference (MD) with 95% CI for continuous outcomes. We used RevMan 5 software to perform these calculations. Four trials were identified for inclusion in this review. All the trials were at high risk of bias. Three trials provided information for this review. Overall, this review included 280 people undergoing planned surgery. Participants were randomised to early dressing removal (removal of the wound dressing within the 48 hours following surgery) (n = 140) or delayed dressing removal (continued dressing of the wound beyond 48 hours) (n = 140) in the three trials. There were no statistically significant differences between the early dressing removal group and delayed dressing removal group in the proportion of people who developed superficial surgical site infection within 30 days (RR 0.64; 95% CI 0.32 to 1.28), superficial wound dehiscence within 30 days (RR 2.00; 95% CI 0.19 to 21.16) or serious adverse events within 30 days (RR 0.83; 95% CI 0.28 to 2.51). No deep wound infection or deep wound dehiscence occurred in any of the participants in the trials that reported this outcome. None of the trials reported quality of life. The hospital stay was significantly shorter (MD ‐2.00 days; 95% CI ‐2.82 to ‐1.18) and the total cost of treatment significantly less (MD EUR ‐36.00; 95% CI ‐59.81 to ‐12.19) in the early dressing removal group than in the delayed dressing removal group in the only trial that reported these outcomes. The early removal of dressings from clean or clean contaminated surgical wounds appears to have no detrimental effect on outcomes. However, it should be noted that the point estimate supporting this statement is based on very low quality evidence from three small randomised controlled trials, and the confidence intervals around this estimate were wide. Early dressing removal may result in a significantly shorter hospital stay, and significantly reduced costs, than covering the surgical wound with wound dressings beyond the first 48 hours after surgery, according to very low quality evidence from one small randomised controlled trial. Further randomised controlled trials of low risk of bias are necessary to investigate whether dressings are necessary after 48 hours in different types of surgery and levels of contamination and investigate whether antibiotic therapy influences the outcome Early versus delayed dressing removal for people with surgical wounds Most surgical procedures involve a cut in the skin that allows the surgeon to gain access to the deeper tissues or organs. Most surgical wounds are closed fully at the end of the procedure.The surgeon covers the closed surgical wound with either a dressing or adhesive tape.The dressing can act as a physical barrier to protect the wound until the continuity of the skin in restored (within about 48 hours). It can also absorb exudate from the wound, keeping it dry and clean, and preventing bacterial contamination from the external environment. Some studies have found that the moist environment created by some dressings accelerates wound healing, although others believe that it is a disadvantage, as excessive exudate can cause softening and deterioration of the wound and surrounding healthy tissue. We reviewed the medical literature up to July 2013 and identified four randomised controlled trials that investigated early (permanent removal of dressings within 48 hours of surgery) versus delayed removal of dressings (permanent removal of dressings after 48 hours of surgery with interim changes of dressing allowed) in people with surgical wounds. The levels of bias across the studies were mostly high or unclear, i.e. flaws in the conduct of these trials could have resulted in the production of incorrect results. A total of 280 people undergoing planned surgery were included in this review. One‐hundred and forty people had their dressings removed within 48 hours following surgery and 140 people had their wounds dressed beyond 48 hours. The choice of whether the dressing was removed early (within 48 hours) or retained for more 48 hours was made randomly by a method similar to the toss of a coin. No significant differences were reported between the two groups in terms of superficial surgical site infection (infection of the wound), superficial wound dehiscence (partial disruption of the wound that results in it reopening at the skin surface) or the number of people experiencing serious adverse events. There were no deep wound infections or complete wound dehiscence (complete disruption of wound healing, when the wound reopens completely) in the studies that reported these complications. However, the studies were not large enough to identify small differences in complication rates. None of the studies reported quality of life. Participants in the group that had early removal of dressings had significantly shorter hospital stays and incurred significantly lower treatment costs than those in the delayed removal of dressings group, but these results were based on very low quality evidence from one small randomised controlled trial. We recommend further randomised controlled trials are performed to investigate whether dressing of wounds beyond 48 hours after surgery is necessary, since the current evidence is based on very low quality evidence from three small randomised controlled trials.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                enefro
                Enfermería Nefrológica
                Enferm Nefrol
                Sociedad Española de Enfermería Nefrológica (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                2254-2884
                2255-3517
                September 2022
                : 25
                : 3
                : 249-256
                Affiliations
                [4] Santander Cantabria orgnameUniversidad de Cantabria orgdiv1Facultad de Enfermería orgdiv2Departamento de Enfermería Spain
                [1] Santander orgnameHospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla orgdiv1Unidad Clínica Nefrología-Unidad de Hemodiálisis orgdiv2IDIVAL España
                [2] Santander orgnameHospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla orgdiv1Área de Calidad, Formación, I+D+i de Enfermería orgdiv2IDIVAL España
                [3] Mompía orgnameUniversidad Católica Santa Teresa de Jesús de Ávila orgdiv1Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería Clínica Mompía España
                Article
                S2254-28842022000300006 S2254-2884(22)02500300006
                10.37551/52254-28842022025
                67847171-fd41-4c34-ade4-bf684bbd5db0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 July 2022
                : 22 June 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                surgical wound infection,surgical wound complications,renal transplantation,dehiscencia de la herida quirúrgica,infección de la herida quirúrgica,complicaciones de la herida quirúrgica,Trasplante renal,surgical wound dehiscence

                Comments

                Comment on this article