Influence of the use of atypical antipsychotics in metabolic syndrome Translated title: Apoyo social percibido, resiliencia y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en internas en establecimientos penitenciarios

ABSTRACT

Objectives

To describe the possible relationship between the use of antipsychotic drugs and the presence of metabolic syndrome. Other objectives are to list the main side effects of antipsychotic treatment, and to determine if there is any pharmacological treatment that can contribute towards counteracting metabolic syndrome.

Material and method

A narrative bibliographic review was carried out of the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, IBECS, LILACS and HealthCare. Preference in the selection process was given to clinical trials and systematic review articles or review articles and some articles that were considered relevant because of their content. The time period was limited to between January 2014 and November 2019. The languages were English and Spanish. Repeated articles and those that were not related to the objectives were rejected. The search criteria were: “antipsychotic AND metabolic syndrome”; “schizophrenia AND metabolic syndrome”; “bipolar disorder AND metabolic syndrome”; “metabolic syndrome AND suicide NOT disorder”; “metabolic syndrome AND prisons”; “metabolic syndrome AND prolactin”.

Results

24 articles were selected out of the 510 that were consulted. The relationship between atypical antipsychotics and metabolic syndrome was evident. Other anticholinergic, antidopaminergic effects, extrapyramidal syndromes, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, hypotension, arrhythmias, sedation, hypovitaminosis D, increased prolactin, sexual dysfunction, sleep disturbances, etc. are also highlighted. Pharmacological associations with other drugs were also found.

Discussion

There is a relationship between the use of atypical antipsychotics and weight gain, lipid disorders, glucose and high blood pressure. There are some associated drugs that decrease some symptoms (ranitidine, topiramate, metformin, melatonin, modafinil). Patients taking this type of medication should be monitored and encouraged to lead healthy lifestyles.

RESUMEN

Objetivos

Determinar la influencia del apoyo social percibido y la resiliencia en el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas en mujeres privadas de libertad.

Material y método

Estudio transversal con 174 internas en dos establecimientos penitenciarios de la Región de Murcia. Se utilizó un cuestionario autosuministrado incluyendo variables sociodemográficas, penitenciarias, consumo de alcohol y otras drogas, apoyo social percibido y resiliencia.

Resultados

El 28,2% de las internas consumió al menos una de las sustancias analizadas (alcohol, cannabis, cocaína, heroína y/o tranquilizantes sin receta médica) en prisión. Las internas consumidoras mostraban significativamente menor nivel de apoyo social percibido y de resiliencia, respecto a aquellas que no consumían en prisión.

Discusión

Los resultados reflejan cómo el apoyo social percibido y la resiliencia son factores de protección ante el consumo en prisión, pudiendo ser incorporados estos en futuros programas de prevención de consumo de alcohol y otras drogas durante la pena privativa de libertad.