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      Fútbol como programa deportivo para menores con TEA en educación primaria Translated title: Football as a sports program for children with ASD in elementary education Translated title: O futebol como programa esportivo para crianças com TEA no ensino fundamental

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          Abstract

          Resumen: Las dificultades que tienen los niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) para realizar ejercicio físico y deportivo es una realidad. Esta situación provoca una baja participación en actividades físicas y deportivas con sus iguales. Los problemas que presentan a nivel motor dificultan la participación en actividades físicas grupales, provocando también un descenso en la socialización dentro del propio contexto deportivo (Kruger et al., 2019). Por ello es necesario proponer programas orientados a la práctica física y deportiva que favorezcan la participación en actividades físicas y un aumento de las relaciones sociales (Wong et al., 2015). Con la intención de promocionar el deporte para este colectivo se diseñó un programa de entrenamiento deportivo basado en juegos predeportivos de fútbol. Las sesiones sirvieron para potenciar las habilidades físicas y sociales con el fin de producir una mejora generalizada en ambas y, de esta forma, transferir sus capacidades y aprendizajes a otros contextos deportivos. La finalidad de este tipo de escuelas deportivas debe ser la de promover y fomentar la actividad física y deportiva para el colectivo de personas con TEA, además de preparar a todos los niños para que puedan participar en cualquier tipo de deporte. En ocasiones, la falta de información referente a la discapacidad puede provocar un rechazo hacia las personas con discapacidad por parte de los responsables encargados de dirigir la práctica deportiva, buscando la intención errónea de protegerles (González y Sosa, 2008). Para medir el estado de la cuestión referente al ocio deportivo de los niños con TEA y el nivel de satisfacción alcanzado con el programa de entrenamiento deportivo se administró un cuestionario a las familias de los participantes. Los resultados obtenidos al término de la investigación fueron positivos, lo que permitió justificar el impulso de la actividad física y deportiva como una alternativa de ocio para las personas con TEA.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: The difficulties that children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience to perform physical and sports exercises is a reality. This situation causes a low participation in physical and sports activities with their peers. The difficulties they present regarding motor skills hinder their participation in physical activities in groups, also causing less socialization within the sports context itself (Kruger, et al., 2019). Therefore, it is necessary to propose programs oriented to physical and sports practice, encouraging the participation in physical activities and increasing the social relations (Wong et al., 2015). With the intention of promoting sports for this group, a sports training program was designed based on pre-sports football games. The sessions managed to enhance children's physical and social skills in order to attain a general improvement in both skills, and thus transfer their capabilities and learning to other sports contexts. The purpose of this type of sports schools is to promote and encourage physical and sport activities for this group of people with ASD, as well as to prepare all children to participate in any type of sport. Sometimes, the lack of information regarding disability can lead to a rejection of people with disabilities by those responsible of directing sport practices, with the wrong intention of protecting them (González & Sosa, 2008). In order to measure the state of the art regarding sport leisure of children with ASD and the level of satisfaction reached under the sport training program, a questionnaire was distributed to the families of participants. The results obtained at the end of the research were positive, evidencing the need of promoting physical and sports activities as an alternative of leisure for people with ASD.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo: É uma realidade as dificuldades que meninos e meninas com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) têm para realizar exercícios físicos e esportes. Essa situação acarreta baixa participação em atividades físicas e esportivas com seus companheiros. Os problemas que apresentam no nível motor dificultam a participação em atividades físicas em grupo, causando também uma diminuição da socialização no próprio contexto esportivo (Kruger, et al., 2019). Portanto, é necessário propor programas voltados para a prática física e esportiva que favoreçam a participação em atividades físicas, bem como o incremento das relações sociais (Wong et al., 2015). Com o intuito de promover o esporte para esse grupo, foi elaborado um programa de treinamento esportivo baseado em jogos de futebol pré-esportivos. As sessões serviram para potencializar as aptidões físicas e sociais de forma a produzir uma melhoria geral em ambas e, dessa maneira, transferir as suas competências e aprendizagem para outros contextos esportivos. A finalidade desse tipo de esporte nas escolas deve ser a promoção e o incentivo à atividade física e esportiva do grupo de pessoas com TEA, além de preparar todas as crianças para que possam praticar qualquer tipo de esporte. Às vezes, a falta de informação sobre a deficiência pode causar uma rejeição por parte dos responsáveis pelo direcionamento da prática esportiva, às pessoas com deficiência, buscando a intenção equivocada de protegê-los (González e Sosa, 2008). Para mensurar o estado da arte em relação ao lazer esportivo de meninos e meninas com TEA e o nível de satisfação atingido com o programa de treinamento esportivo, foi aplicado um questionário às famílias dos participantes. Os resultados obtidos ao final da pesquisa foram positivos, o que permitiu justificar a promoção da atividade física e esportiva como alternativa de lazer para pessoas com TEA.

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          Most cited references26

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          • Article: not found

          Evidence-Based Practices for Children, Youth, and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comprehensive Review.

          The purpose of this study was to identify evidenced-based, focused intervention practices for children and youth with autism spectrum disorder. This study was an extension and elaboration of a previous evidence-based practice review reported by Odom et al. (Prev Sch Fail 54:275-282, 2010b, doi: 10.1080/10459881003785506 ). In the current study, a computer search initially yielded 29,105 articles, and the subsequent screening and evaluation process found 456 studies to meet inclusion and methodological criteria. From this set of research studies, the authors found 27 focused intervention practices that met the criteria for evidence-based practice (EBP). Six new EBPs were identified in this review, and one EBP from the previous review was removed. The authors discuss implications for current practices and future research.
            • Record: found
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            Relationship of physical activity to fundamental movement skills among adolescents.

            To determine the relationship of participation in organized and nonorganized physical activity with fundamental movement skills among adolescents. Male and female children in Grade 8 (mean age, 13.3 yr) and Grade 10 (mean age, 15.3 yr) were assessed on six fundamental movement skills (run, vertical jump, catch, overhand throw, forehand strike, and kick). Physical activity was assessed using a self-report recall measure where students reported the type, duration, and frequency of participation in organized physical activity and nonorganized physical activity during a usual week. Multiple regression analysis indicated that fundamental movement skills significantly predicted time in organized physical activity, although the percentage of variance it could explain was small. This prediction was stronger for girls than for boys. Multiple regression analysis showed no relationship between time in nonorganized physical activity and fundamental movement skills. Fundamental movement skills are significantly associated with adolescents' participation in organized physical activity, but predict only a small portion of it.
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              Effects of physical exercise on Autism Spectrum Disorders: A meta-analysis

                Author and article information

                Journal
                cie
                Cuadernos de Investigación Educativa
                Cuad. Investig. Educ.
                Instituto de Educación Universidad ORT Uruguay (Montevideo, , Uruguay )
                1510-2432
                1688-9304
                June 2021
                : 12
                : 1
                : 22-33
                Affiliations
                [1] Madrid Madrid orgnameUniversidad Rey Juan Carlos Spain
                [2] Madrid Madrid orgnameUniversidad Rey Juan Carlos Spain
                [3] Madrid Madrid orgnameUniversidad Rey Juan Carlos Spain
                Article
                S1688-93042021000100022 S1688-9304(21)01200100022
                10.18861/cied.2021.12.1.3065
                67a90a33-9afd-4ad9-a694-7b7f64cffb12

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 May 2020
                : 27 October 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Uruguay

                Categories
                Articulos

                Sport,Physical Activity,Disability,TEA,Autism Spectrum Disorder,Esporte,Atividade física,Incapacidade,Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo,deporte,actividad física,Trastorno del Espectro del Autismo,discapacidad

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