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      Hormonal Alteration in Obese Adolescents with Eating Disorder: Effects of Multidisciplinary Therapy

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          Abstract

          Background/Aims: Ghrelin and leptin play important roles in the physiopathology of eating disorders, starting generally in infancy and adolescence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of multidisciplinary short-term therapy on ghrelin and leptin concentrations, bulimia nervosa symptoms, binge eating disorder symptoms, body composition, and visceral and subcutaneous fat in obese adolescents. Methods: Twenty obese adolescents with simple obesity (BMI >95th percentile, 36.93 ± 4.14, CDC) were submitted to multidisciplinary (nutrition, psychology, exercise and clinical) therapy. Plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Bulimic and binge eating behaviors were measured by the Bulimic Investigation Test Edinburgh and the Binge Eating Scale, respectively. Visceral and subcutaneous fat were measured by ultrasonography and body composition by plethysmography. Results: Significant reductions were observed in body weight (101.04 ± 11.18 to 94.79 ± 10.94 kg), BMI (36.93 ± 4.14 to 34.27 ± 4.78), fat% (41.96 ± 6.28 to 39.14 ± 7.62%), visceral fat (4.34 ± 1.53 to 3.41 ± 1.12 cm), leptin concentration (20.12 ± 6.47 to 16.68 ± 8.08 ng/ml), prevalence of bulimia nervosa (100 to 67%) and binge eating disorder symptoms (40 to 17%). Conclusion: Short-term multidisciplinary therapy was effective in improving body composition, visceral fat, leptinemia and eating disorders in obese adolescents.

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          Most cited references20

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          The assessment of binge eating severity among obese persons

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            Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin: two major forms of rat ghrelin peptide in gastrointestinal tissue.

            Ghrelin, a novel peptide purified from stomach, is the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor and has potent growth hormone-releasing activity. The Ser3 residue of ghrelin is modified by n-octanoic acid, a modification necessary for hormonal activity. We established two ghrelin-specific radioimmunoassays; one recognizes the octanoyl-modified portion and another the C-terminal portion of ghrelin. Using these radioimmunoassay systems, we found that two major molecular forms exist-ghrelin and des-n-octanoyl ghrelin. While ghrelin activates growth-hormone secretagogue (GHS) receptor-expressing cells, the nonmodified des-n-octanyl form of ghrelin, designated as des-acyl ghrelin, does not. In addition to these findings, our radioimmunoassay systems also revealed high concentrations of ghrelin in the stomach and small intestine.
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              Binge eating disorder and obesity.

              M de Zwaan (2001)
              Binge eating disorder (BED) was included in the DSM IV as a proposed diagnostic category for further study and as an example for an eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS). BED is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating in the absence of regular compensatory behavior such as vomiting or laxative abuse. Related features include eating until uncomfortably full, eating when not physically hungry, eating alone and feelings of depression or guilt. BED is associated with increased psychopathology including depression and personality disorders. Although BED is not limited to obese individuals, it is most common in this group and those who seek help do so for treatment of overweight rather than for binge eating. In community samples, the prevalence of BED has been found to be 2-5%, in individuals who seek weight control treatment the prevalence is 30%. BED is more equal in gender ratio than bulimia nervosa. Eating disorder treatments such as cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) or interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) improve binge eating with abstinence rates of about 50%. Antidepressants are also effective in reducing binge eating, though less so than psychotherapy. Standard weight loss treatments including bariatric surgery do not seem to exacerbate binge eating problems. Thus, both eating disorder and obesity treatments seem to be beneficial in BED. However, it is recommended today that treatment should first be directed at the disordered eating and associated psychopathology.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                HRE
                Horm Res Paediatr
                10.1159/issn.1663-2818
                Hormone Research in Paediatrics
                S. Karger AG
                1663-2818
                1663-2826
                2008
                August 2008
                12 June 2008
                : 70
                : 2
                : 79-84
                Affiliations
                aPost Graduate Program of Nutrition, and Departments of bPhysiology, cPsychobiology and dHealth Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
                Article
                139148 Horm Res 2008;70:79–84
                10.1159/000139148
                18547953
                67ad3b9f-8ea0-4e9d-a1c5-a02d749660aa
                © 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                : 22 June 2007
                : 21 September 2007
                Page count
                Tables: 3, References: 37, Pages: 6
                Categories
                Original Paper

                Endocrinology & Diabetes,Neurology,Nutrition & Dietetics,Sexual medicine,Internal medicine,Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Leptin,Ghrelin,Bulimia nervosa,Binge eating disorder,Body composition

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