Molecular cytogenetic analysis reveals the existence of two independent neo-XY sex chromosome systems in Anatolian Pamphagidae grasshoppers

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Abstract

Background

Neo-XY sex chromosome determination is a rare event in short horned grasshoppers, but it appears with unusual frequency in the Pamphagidae family. The neo-Y chromosomes found in several species appear to have undergone heterochromatinization and degradation, but this subject needs to be analyzed in other Pamphagidae species. We perform here karyotyping and molecular cytogenetic analyses in 12 Pamphagidae species from the center of biodiversity of this group in the previously-unstudied Anatolian plateau.

Results

The basal karyotype for the Pamphagidae family, consisting of 18 acrocentric autosomes and an acrocentric X chromosome (2n♂ = 19, X0; 2n♀ = 20, XX), was found only in G. adaliae. The karyotype of all other studied species consisted of 16 acrocentric autosomes and a neo-XY sex chromosome system (2n♂♀ = 18, neo-XX♀/neo-XY♂). Two different types of neo-Y chromosomes were found. One of them was typical for three species of the Glyphotmethis genus, and showed a neo-Y chromosome being similar in size to the XR arm of the neo-X, with the addition of two small subproximal interstitial C-blocks. The second type of the neo-Y chromosome was smaller and more heterochromatinized than the XR arm, and was typical for all Nocarodeini species studied. The chromosome distribution of C-positive regions and clusters of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and telomeric repeats yielded additional information on evolution of these neo-XY systems.

Conclusion

Most Pamphagidae species in the Anatolian region were found to have neo-XY sex chromosome systems, belonging to two different evolutionary lineages, marked by independent X-autosome fusion events occurred within the Trinchinae and Pamphaginae subfamilies. The high density of species carrying neo-XY systems in the Anatolian region, and the different evolutionary stage for the two lineages found, one being older than the other, indicates that this region has a long history of neo-XY sex chromosome formation.

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PerlPrimer: cross-platform, graphical primer design for standard, bisulphite and real-time PCR.

Owen Marshall (2004)

PerlPrimer is a cross-platform graphical user interface application for the design of primers for standard, bisulphite and real-time PCR, and sequencing. The program incorporates highly accurate melting-temperature and primer-dimer prediction algorithms with powerful tools such as sequence retrieval from Ensembl and the ability to BLAST search primer pairs. It aims to automate and simplify the process of primer design. Open-source and freely available from http://perlprimer.sourceforge.net.

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Animal cytology and evolution

MJD WHITE, MJD White, M.J.D. White … (1973)

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Telomeric repeats far from the ends: mechanisms of origin and role in evolution.

Elena Giulotto, S Nergadze, José A. Herrera … (2007)

In addition to their location at terminal positions, telomeric-like repeats are also present at internal sites of the chromosomes (intrachromosomal or interstitial telomeric sequences, ITSs). According to their sequence organization and genomic location, two different kinds of ITSs can be identified: (1) heterochromatic ITSs (het-ITSs), large (up to hundreds of kb) stretches of telomeric-like DNA localized mainly at centromeres, and (2) short ITSs (s-ITSs), short stretches of telomeric hexamers distributed at internal sites of the chromosomes. Het-ITSs have been only described in some vertebrate species and they probably represent the remnants of evolutionary chromosomal rearrangements. On the contrary, s-ITSs are probably present in all mammalian genomes although they have been described in detail only in some completely sequenced genomes. Sequence database analysis revealed the presence of 83, 79, 244 and 250 such s-ITSs in the human, chimpanzee, mouse and rat genomes, respectively. Analysis of the flanking sequences suggested that s-ITSs were inserted during the repair of DNA double-strand breaks that occurred in the course of evolution. An extensive comparative analysis of the s-ITS loci and their orthologous 'empty' loci confirmed this hypothesis and suggested that the repair event involved the direct action of telomerase. Whereas het-ITSs seem to be intrinsically prone to breakage, the instability of s-ITSs is more controversial. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that s-ITSs are probably not themselves prone to breakage but represent 'scars' of ancient breakage that may have occurred within fragile regions. This study will review the current knowledge on these two types of ITS, their molecular organization, how they arose during evolution, their implications for chromosomal instability and their potential applications as phylogenetic/forensic markers. Copyright 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Ilyas Yerkinovich Jetybayev: jetybayev@mail.ru

Conference

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Evol Biol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Evol. Biol

Title: BMC Evolutionary Biology

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2148

Publication date (Electronic): 7 February 2017

Publication date PMC-release: 7 February 2017

Publication date Collection: 2017

Volume: 17

Issue : Suppl 1 Issue sponsor : Publication of this supplement has not been supported by sponsorship. Information about the source of funding for publication charges can be found in the individual articles. The articles have undergone the journal's standard peer review process for supplements. The Supplement Editors declare that they have no competing interests.

Electronic Location Identifier: 20

Affiliations

[1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2254 1834, GRID grid.415877.8, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, , Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, ; Pr. Lavrentjeva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia

[2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2254 1834, GRID grid.415877.8, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, , Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, ; Frunze str. 11, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia

[3 ]ISNI 0000000121896553, GRID grid.4605.7, , Novosibirsk State University, ; Pirogov str., 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia

[4 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0720 3140, GRID grid.411082.e, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, , Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, ; TR-14030 Bolu, Türkiye

Article

Publisher ID: 868

DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0868-9

PMC ID: 5333169

PubMed ID: 28251879

SO-VID: 67b63923-8a15-4afa-96e7-39649d0e9fee

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Conference name: The International Conference on Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure\Systems Biology (BGRS\SB-2016)

Conference location: Novosibirsk, Russia

Conference date: 29 August-2 September 2016

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Evolutionary Biology

Keywords: pamphagidae grasshoppers,karyotype,neo-sex chromosome evolution,the neo-x,the neo-y,fish,rdna,telomeric repeats

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Evolutionary Biology

Keywords: pamphagidae grasshoppers, karyotype, neo-sex chromosome evolution, the neo-x, the neo-y, fish, rdna, telomeric repeats

Molecular cytogenetic analysis reveals the existence of two independent neo-XY sex chromosome systems in Anatolian Pamphagidae grasshoppers

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Evolutionary Cell Biology

Most cited references 50

PerlPrimer: cross-platform, graphical primer design for standard, bisulphite and real-time PCR.

Animal cytology and evolution

Telomeric repeats far from the ends: mechanisms of origin and role in evolution.

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