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      Reconstrucción combinada de extremidad inferior mediante colgajo libre anastomosado a bypass vascular. Caso clínico Translated title: Combined lower limb reconstruction with free tissue transfer anastomosed to a vascular bypass. Case report

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          Abstract

          Resumen Presentamos un caso de reconstrucción de extremidad inferior combinando revascularización arterial y un colgajo libre en un paciente de 72 años con enfermedad arterial oclusiva y defecto de cobertura con exposición ósea, mediante vascularización poplítea-pedia con bypass de safena y cobertura con colgajo libre de músculo recto abdominal. Debido a la ausencia de vasos receptores adecuados utilizamos el bypass como fuente de irrigación arterial y un injerto venoso entre la vena epigástrica donante y la vena poplítea como drenaje del colgajo. En pacientes que requieren reconstrucción extensa de partes blandas con enfermedad arterial oclusiva concomitante, el tratamiento combinado con revascularización quirúrgica y cobertura con colgajo libre está asociado a una alta tasa de salvamento de la extremidad y excelentes resultados funcionales. El colgajo libre de recto abdominal provee una adecuada cobertura y relleno de defectos tridimensionales, además de presentar ventajas en cuanto al tiempo de disección y el tamaño del pedículo. En casos de vasos receptores inadecuados, es posible utilizar el bypass como fuente arterial y un injerto venoso de drenaje a un vaso proximal.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract We present a case of lower extremity reconstruction combining bypass revascularization and free flap for soft tissue coverage in a 72-year-old diabetic man with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease and wide soft tissue defect with bone exposure, who was treated with a popliteal-pedal vein saphenous bypass and a free rectus abdominis muscle flap. The bypass was used as the arterial inflow to the flap and an interposition saphenous vein graft to the popliteal vein as the outflow vessel, due the absence of appropriate local venous receptor vessels. In patients with concomitant occlusive arterial disease, combined treatment with surgical revascularization and free flap coverage is associated with a high rate of limb salvage and excellent functional outcomes. The free rectus abdominis flap provides adequate coverage and filling of the defect, as well as advantages in terms of dissection time and donor vessel diameter. In cases of inadequate recipient vessels, it is possible to use the bypass conduit as an arterial inflow and another venous graft for outflow to a proximal vessel.

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          Diabetic foot reconstruction using free flaps increases 5-year-survival rate.

          The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of the diabetic foot reconstructed with free flaps and analyse the preoperative risk factors. This study reviews 121 cases of reconstructed diabetic foot in 113 patients over 9 years (average follow-up of 53.2 months). Patients' age ranged from 26 to 78 years (average, 54.6 years). Free flaps used were anterolateral thigh (ALT, 90), superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP, 20), anteromedial thigh (AMT, 5), upper medial thigh (UMT, 3), and other perforator free flaps (3). Correlation between the surgical outcome and preoperative risk factors were analysed using logistic regression model. Total loss was seen in 10 cases and 111 free-tissue transfers were successful (flap survival rate of 91.7%). During follow-up, limb was eventually lost in 17 patients and overall limb salvage rate was 84.9% and the 5-year survival was 86.8%. Correlation between flap loss and 14 preoperative risk factors (computed tomography (CT) angiogram showing intact numbers of major vessels, history of previous angioplasty, peripheral arterial disease (PAD), heart problem, chronic renal failure (CRF), American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system, smoking, body mass index (BMI), HBA1c, lymphocyte count, ankle-brachial index (ABI), osteomyelitis, C-reactive protein (CRP) level and whether taking immunosuppressive agents) were analysed. Significant odds ratio were seen in patients who underwent lower extremity angioplasties (odds ratio: 17.590, p<0.001), with PAD (odds ratio: 10.212, p=0.032) and taking immunosuppressive agents after kidney transplantation (odds ratio: 4.857, p<0.041). Diabetic foot reconstruction using free flaps has a high chance for success and significantly increases the 5-year survival rate. Risk factors such as PAD, history of angioplasties in the extremity and using immunosuppressive agents after transplant may increase the chance for flap loss. Copyright © 2012 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Sixty-five clinical cases of free tissue transfer using long arteriovenous fistulas or vein grafts.

            Traumatic limb injuries requiring free tissue transfer for coverage, often lack healthy recipient vessels adjacent to the defect. In these patients, vein grafts are required to bridge the gap of either the artery, vein or both. For the latter situation, a temporary arteriovenous fistula (AVF) can be created and allowed to mature and then divided and used as recipient artery and veins for the free flap. These cases are challenging and several variables including vein graft length, vein graft diameter, and arterial inflow affect the patency of the vessels and the final outcome of the reconstruction. Sixty-five defects were reconstructed with free tissue transfers using vein grafts of significant length (>20 cm for the arterial gap). The ipsilateral or contralateral great saphenous veins were used for vessel lengthening in all cases. Inflow arteries were either major arteries (superficial femoral, popliteal or brachial), or lesser arteries (sural, anterior or posterior tibial, thoracodorsal, or superior gluteal). The patients were divided into those that underwent AVF followed by free tissue transfer in two stages (n = 6), AVF followed by free tissue transfer in one stage (n = 28) and patients that underwent vein grafting for the arterial defect only with (n = 6) or without (n = 25) a simultaneous bypass graft for lower limb revascularization. In the two-stage AVF group, the rate of occlusion of the graft after AVF creation was 50% (3/6); re-exploration rate was 33.3% (2/6); free flap failure rate was 33.3% (2/6); and limb salvage rate was 83.3% (5/6). In the one-stage AVF group: re-exploration rate was 28.6% (8/28); free flap success rate was 89.3% (25/28); and limb salvage rate was 92.9% (26/28). In the long vein graft group for arterial defects only: re-exploration rate was 25.8% (8/31); free flap success rate was 96.8% (30/31); and limb salvage rate was 87.1% (27/31). In patients where the graft was anastomosed to a major artery the re-exploration rate and free flap failure rate were 22.4% (11/49) and 8.2% (4/49). In patients where the graft was anastomosed to a lesser artery, the re-exploration rate and free flap failure rate were 43.4% (7/16) and 12.5% (2/16). The limb salvage rate was comparable in both groups (89.8%, 44/49, versus 87.5%, 14/16). In all groups, patients undergoing re-exploration were noted to have a an arterial gap of 31.78 cm as compared with the patients that did not require re-exploration which had an arterial gap of 26.26 cm. Vein grafting for bridging vascular defects is a safe procedure when proper indications and techniques are followed. Although a longer graft length seemed to be associated with a higher re-exploration rate, there was no statistical significance. One-stage AVFs can be used with good results, however, two-stage AVFs are associated with a high graft occlusion rate, wound failure rate and limb amputation rate. In all cases, a large caliber graft such as the great saphenous vein provided a large (relatively low resistance) conduit for bridging the defect.
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              Results of combined vascular reconstruction and free flap transfer for limb salvage in patients with critical limb ischemia

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpil
                Cirugía Plástica Ibero-Latinoamericana
                Cir. plást. iberolatinoam.
                Sociedad Española de Cirugía Plástica, Reparadora y Estética (SECPRE) (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0376-7892
                1989-2055
                June 2020
                : 46
                : 2
                : 207-210
                Affiliations
                [2] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica de Chile orgdiv1Escuela de Medicina Chile
                [3] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica de Chile orgdiv1Escuela de Medicina Chile
                [1] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica de Chile orgdiv1Escuela de Medicina Chile
                Article
                S0376-78922020000300014 S0376-7892(20)04600200014
                10.4321/s0376-78922020000300010
                67be8d26-d5b2-469b-aa7c-ac7414bb628f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 May 2020
                : 15 March 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 10, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Reconstructiva

                Isquemia extremidad inferior,Reconstrucción extremidad inferior,Extremidad inferior,Colgajo libre,Lower extremity ischemia,Lower extremity reconstruction,Lower extremity,Free tissue transfer

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