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      Motility-Induced Phase Separation

      1 , 2
      Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics
      Annual Reviews

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          Hydrogels for tissue engineering.

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            Novel Type of Phase Transition in a System of Self-Driven Particles

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              Microscopic artificial swimmers.

              Microorganisms such as bacteria and many eukaryotic cells propel themselves with hair-like structures known as flagella, which can exhibit a variety of structures and movement patterns. For example, bacterial flagella are helically shaped and driven at their bases by a reversible rotary engine, which rotates the attached flagellum to give a motion similar to that of a corkscrew. In contrast, eukaryotic cells use flagella that resemble elastic rods and exhibit a beating motion: internally generated stresses give rise to a series of bends that propagate towards the tip. In contrast to this variety of swimming strategies encountered in nature, a controlled swimming motion of artificial micrometre-sized structures has not yet been realized. Here we show that a linear chain of colloidal magnetic particles linked by DNA and attached to a red blood cell can act as a flexible artificial flagellum. The filament aligns with an external uniform magnetic field and is readily actuated by oscillating a transverse field. We find that the actuation induces a beating pattern that propels the structure, and that the external fields can be adjusted to control the velocity and the direction of motion.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics
                Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys.
                Annual Reviews
                1947-5454
                1947-5462
                March 2015
                March 2015
                : 6
                : 1
                : 219-244
                Affiliations
                [1 ]SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom; email:
                [2 ]Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, MSC, UMR 7057 CNRS, F-75205 Paris, France; email:
                Article
                10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031214-014710
                68252512-af99-4b98-ac41-22fd12249c22
                © 2015
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