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      Comparison Between Early and Late 21 stC Phytoplankton Biomass and Dimethylsulfide Flux in the Subantarctic Southern Ocean

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          Abstract

          Time-series of chlorophyll- a (CHL), a proxy for phytoplankton biomass, and various satellite-derived climate indicators are compared in a region of the Subantarctic Southern Ocean (40°–60°S, 110°–140°E) for years 2012–2014. CHL reached a minimum in winter (June) and a maximum in late summer (early February). Zonal mean CHL decreased towards the south. Mean sea surface temperature (SST) ranged between 8°C and 15°C and peaked in late February. CHL and SST were positively correlated from March to June, negatively correlated from July to September. CHL and wind speed (WIND) were negatively correlated with peak WIND occurred in winter. Wind direction (WIRD) was mostly in the southwest to westerly direction. The Antarctic Oscillation index (AAO) and CHL were negatively correlated ( R = −0.58), indicating that as synoptic wind systems move southwards, CHL increases, and conversely when wind systems move northwards, CHL decreases. A genetic algorithm is used to calibrate the biogeochemical DMS model’s key parameters. Under 4 × CO 2 (after year 2100) Regional mean SST increases 12%–17%, WIND increases 1.2 m s −1, Cloud Cover increases 4.8% and mixed layer depth (MLD) decreases 48m. The annual CHL increases 6.3%. The annual mean DMS flux increase 25.2%, increases 37% from day 1 to day 280 and decrease 3% from day 288 to day 360. The general increase of DMS flux under 4 × CO 2 conditions indicates the Subantarctic regional climate would be affected by changes in the DMS flux, with the potential for a cooling effect in the austral summer and autumn.

          Author and article information

          Journal
          JOUC
          Journal of Ocean University of China
          Science Press and Springer (China )
          1672-5182
          20 December 2019
          01 February 2020
          : 19
          : 1
          : 151-160
          Affiliations
          [1] 1School of Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
          [2] 2School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Qld 4111, Australia
          [3] 3Nantong Chong Chuan School, Nantong 226000, China
          [4] 4Marketing, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Shanghai 201206, China
          Author notes
          *Corresponding author: QU Bo, E-mail: qubo@ 123456ntu.edu.cn
          Article
          s11802-020-4235-5
          10.1007/s11802-020-4235-5
          682fce63-2ba4-4e67-8b2e-aad97b60d081
          Copyright © Ocean University of China, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2020.

          The copyright to this article, including any graphic elements therein (e.g. illustrations, charts, moving images), is hereby assigned for good and valuable consideration to the editorial office of Journal of Ocean University of China, Science Press and Springer effective if and when the article is accepted for publication and to the extent assignable if assignability is restricted for by applicable law or regulations (e.g. for U.S. government or crown employees).

          History
          : 14 May 2019
          : 30 July 2019
          : 03 September 2019

          Earth & Environmental sciences,Geology & Mineralogy,Oceanography & Hydrology,Aquaculture & Fisheries,Ecology,Animal science & Zoology
          phytoplankton,subantarctic Southern Ocean,dimethylsulfide flux,wind speed,climate change

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