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      El efecto de los tratamientos: Radiación microondas y co-precipitación sobre las propiedades cristalinas en hidrotalcitas de Co-Al y Ni-Al Translated title: The effect of treatment: Microwave radiation and co-precipitation on Co-Al and Ni-Al hydrotalcites crystal properties

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          Abstract

          Se analiza el efecto de las variables en la síntesis de compuestos tipo hidrotalcitas (HDLs) de composición Co,Al-CO3 y Ni,Al-CO3, por métodos de radiación microondas y co-precipitación, aplicando un diseño experimental factorial fraccionado 2(4-1). Las propiedades de HDLs obtenidas se comparan utilizando el Factor de Fisher, siendo éste un aspecto innovador en la síntesis para sólidos inorgánicos. El valor de Fisher permitió establecer la influencia de las variables: relación metálica o molar, pH, temperatura de precipitación y tiempo de cristalización o radiación. Los compuestos obtenidos fueron caracterizados mediante difracción de rayos X (DRX). Se estimaron los parámetros de red a y c, porcentaje de cristalinidad relativa (%CR) y tamaño del cristal (ε) por aplicación de la ecuación de Scherrer corregida por Warren. En todos los casos, se obtuvieron compuestos tipo hidrotalcitas con el anión carbonato situado paralelo a las láminas de brucita, independiente del método utilizado. La radiación microondas conduce a la formación de sólidos de satisfactoria cristalinidad aunque con menor tamaño de cristal cuando se comparan con los obtenidos por el método de co-precipitación. Desde el punto de vista estadístico en la síntesis de HDLs Co-Al y Ni-Al obtenidos por el método de co-precipitación, las variables estudiadas afectan significativamente el tamaño del cristal, porcentaje de cristalinidad relativa y parámetros de red para cada serie. Con el método de radiación por microondas se obtiene más versatilidad en las condiciones de síntesis, no se afectan significativamente ninguna de las características evaluadas. No se encontró mediante un análisis de varianza diferencias significativas entre los métodos utilizados para la obtención de las hidrotalcitas de Co-Al y Ni-Al, considerando cada una de las características estructurales estudiadas.

          Translated abstract

          The effect of the variables in the synthesis of hydrotalcite-like compounds (HDLs) of composition Co, Al-CO3 and Ni, Al-CO3, by microwave radiation and co-precipitation methods, using a 2(4-1) fractional factorial experimental design were analyzed. The properties of HDLs obtained were compared by using the Fisher factor. This is an innovative aspect in the inorganic solids synthesis. Fisher value allowed determining the influence of the variables such as: metal or molar ratio, pH, precipitation temperature, crystallization time or radiation. The obtained compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Lattice parameters a and c, percent relative crystallinity (%CR) and crystal size (ε) by application of the Scherrer equation was estimated corrected by Warren. For all cases, hydrotalcite-type compounds were obtained with carbonate anion placed parallel to brucite sheets for the used methods. The microwave radiation leads to the formation of crystalline solids but a less satisfactory crystal size is obtained, when it is compared with those obtained by the coprecipitation method. From the statistical point of view, the synthesis of HDLs Co-Al and Ni-Al by co-precipitation method, the above mentioned parameters affect significantly studied variables for each series. The microwave radiation method was more versatility in the synthesis conditions, and the studied parameters did not significantly affect any of the evaluated characteristics. It was not found by analysis of variance significant differences between the methods used for producing hydrotalcites of Co-Al and Ni-Al, considering each of the structural characteristics studied.

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          Preparation and use of chemically modified MCM-41 and silica gel as selective adsorbents for Hg(II) ions.

          Adsorbents for Hg(II) ion extraction were prepared using amorphous silica gel and ordered MCM-41. Grafting with 2-(3-(2-aminoethylthio)propylthio)ethanamine was used to functionalize the silica. The functionalized adsorbents were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, 13C MAS NMR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The adsorption properties of the modified silica gel and MCM-41 were compared using batch method. The effect of pH, stirring time, ionic strength and foreign ions were studied. The extraction of Hg(II) ions occurred rapidly with the modified MCM-41 and the optimal pH range for the extraction by the modified materials was pH 4-7. Foreign ions, especially Cl- had some effect on the extraction efficiency of the modified silica gel and the modified MCM-41. The adsorption behavior of both adsorbents could be described by a Langmuir model at 298 K, and the maximum adsorption capacity of the modified silica gel and MCM-41 at pH 3 was 0.79 and 0.70 mmol g(-1), respectively. The modified MCM-41 showed a larger Langmuir constant than that of the modified silica gel, indicating a better ability for Hg(II) ion adsorption. The results indicate that the structure of the materials affects the adsorption behavior. These materials show a potential for the application as effective and selective adsorbents for Hg(II) removal from water.
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            Appl. Clay Sci.

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              D. Vaccari (1996)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rlmm
                Revista Latinoamericana de Metalurgia y Materiales
                Rev. LatinAm. Metal. Mater.
                Universidad Simón Bolívar (Caracas )
                0255-6952
                December 2015
                : 35
                : 2
                : 344-356
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de Carabobo Venezuela
                [2 ] Universidad de Carabobo Venezuela
                Article
                S0255-69522015000200021
                68348237-de99-48be-be42-3e384475815a

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0255-6952&lng=en
                Categories
                MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
                METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING

                General materials science,General engineering
                factor de Fisher,co-precipitation,hydrotalcites,Fisher value,Microondas,co-precipitación,hidrotalcitas,Microwave

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