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      Additions to Chaetothyriaceae (Chaetothyriales): Longihyalospora gen. nov. and Ceramothyrium longivolcaniforme , a new host record from decaying leaves of Ficus ampelas

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          A novel ascomycete genus, Longihyalospora , occurring on leaf litter of Ficus ampelas in Dahu Forest Area in Chiayi, Taiwan is described and illustrated. Longihyalospora is characterized by dark mycelium covering the upper leaf surface, elongate mycelial pellicle with ring of setae, pale brown to brown peridium, broadly obovoid, short pedicellate asci and hyaline, fusiform, elongated (tapering ends) and multi-septate ascospores with a thin mucilaginous sheath. Phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU and SSU sequence data revealed Longihyalospora as a distinct genus within the Chaetothyriaceae with high bootstrap support. Moreover, based on morphological similarities, Chaetothyrium vermisporum transferred to the new genus. In addition, Ceramothyrium longivolcaniforme is reported for the first time on Ficus ampelas . Newly added species are compared with other similar species and comprehensive descriptions and micrographs are provided.

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          MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees.

          J P Huelsenbeck, F Ronquist (2001)
          The program MRBAYES performs Bayesian inference of phylogeny using a variant of Markov chain Monte Carlo. MRBAYES, including the source code, documentation, sample data files, and an executable, is available at http://brahms.biology.rochester.edu/software.html.
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            Capnodiaceae.

            Ekachai Chukeatirote, Ali Bahkali, Rampai Kodsueb … (2011)
            In this paper we revisit the Capnodiaceae with notes on selected genera. Type specimens of the ascomycetous genera Aithaloderma, Anopeltis, Callebaea, Capnodaria, Echinothecium, Phragmocapnias and Scorias were re-examined, described and illustrated. Leptoxyphium is anamorphic Capnodiaceae and Polychaeton is a legitimate and earlier name for Capnodium, but in order to maintain nomenclatural stability we propose that the teleomorphic name should be conisdered for the approved lists of names currently in preparation for fungi. Notes are provided on the ascomycetous genus Scoriadopsis. However, we were unable to locate the type of this genus during the time frame of this study. The ascomycetous genera Aithaloderma, Ceramoclasteropsis, Hyaloscolecostroma and Trichomerium are excluded from Capnodiaceae on the basis of having ascostromata and trans-septate hyaline ascospores and should be accommodated in Chaetothyriaceae. Callebaea is excluded as the ascomata are thyriothecia and the genus is placed in Micropeltidaceae. Echinothecium is excluded as synonym of Sphaerellothecium and is transferred to Mycosphaerellaceae. The type specimen of Capnophaeum is lost and this should be considered as a doubtful genus. The coelomycetous Microxiphium is polyphyletic, while the status of Fumiglobus, Polychaetella and Tripospermum is unclear. Fourteen new collections of sooty moulds made in Thailand were isolated and sequenced. The nuclear large and small rDNA was partially sequenced and compared in a phylogeny used to build a more complete understanding of the relationships of genera in Capnodiaceae. Four new species are described and illustrated, while Phragmocapnias and Scorias are epitypified with fresh collections.
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              Novel Evolutionary Lineages Revealed in the Chaetothyriales (Fungi) Based on Multigene Phylogenetic Analyses and Comparison of ITS Secondary Structure

              Martina Réblová, Wendy Untereiner, Kamila Réblová (2013)
              Cyphellophora and Phialophora (Chaetothyriales, Pezizomycota) comprise species known from skin infections of humans and animals and from a variety of environmental sources. These fungi were studied based on the comparison of cultural and morphological features and phylogenetic analyses of five nuclear loci, i.e., internal transcribed spacer rDNA operon (ITS), large and small subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (nuc28S rDNA, nuc18S rDNA), β-tubulin, DNA replication licensing factor (mcm7) and second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2). Phylogenetic results were supported by comparative analysis of ITS1 and ITS2 secondary structure of representatives of the Chaetothyriales and the identification of substitutions among the taxa analyzed. Base pairs with non-conserved, co-evolving nucleotides that maintain base pairing in the RNA transcript and unique evolutionary motifs in the ITS2 that characterize whole clades or individual taxa were mapped on predicted secondary structure models. Morphological characteristics, structural data and phylogenetic analyses of three datasets, i.e., ITS, ITS-β-tubulin and 28S-18S-rpb2-mcm7, define a robust clade containing eight species of Cyphellophora (including the type) and six species of Phialophora. These taxa are now accommodated in the Cyphellophoraceae, a novel evolutionary lineage within the Chaetothyriales. Cyphellophora is emended and expanded to encompass species with both septate and nonseptate conidia formed on discrete, intercalary, terminal or lateral phialides. Six new combinations in Cyphellophora are proposed and a dichotomous key to species accepted in the genus is provided. Cyphellophora eugeniae and C. hylomeconis, which grouped in the Chaetothyriaceae, represent another novel lineage and are introduced as the type species of separate genera.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Chang-Hsin Kuo:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9011-6530
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): MycoKeys
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): MycoKeys
                Journal ID (publisher-id): 11
                Journal ID (index): urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:C004A564-9D6A-5F9F-B058-6A3815DFE9C3
                Title: MycoKeys
                Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
                ISSN (Print): 1314-4057
                ISSN (Electronic): 1314-4049
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 December 2019
                Volume: 61
                Pages: 91-109
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan Mae Fah Luang University Chiang Rai Thailand
                [2 ] Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand National Chiayi University Chiayi Taiwan
                [3 ] Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia (KLPB), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science Kunming China
                [4 ] Industrial Science and Management (International Program), Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Center), Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand Thammasat University Pathumthani Thailand
                [5 ] Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius University of Mauritius Moka Mauritius
                [6 ] Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China Shenzhen University Shenzhen China
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Chang-Hsin Kuo ( chkuo@ 123456mail.ncyu.edu.tw )

                Academic editor: A. Miller

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9011-6530
                Article
                Publisher ID: 47056
                DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.61.47056
                PMC ID: 6928077
                SO-VID: 68536fde-c17e-4ef5-ad56-ede230d205cb
                Copyright © Danushka S. Tennakoon, Kasun M. Thambugala, Rajesh Jeewon, Sinang Hongsanan, Chang-Hsin Kuo, Kevin D. Hyde
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 04 October 2019
                Date accepted : 19 November 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Ascomycota
                Subject: Chaetothyriales
                Subject: Taxonomy
                Subject: Asia

                Keywords: moraceae ,multi-gene phylogeny,mycelium pellicle,sooty mould,taxonomy,animalia,chaetothyriales,chaetothyriaceae
                Data availability:
                Keywords: moraceae , multi-gene phylogeny, mycelium pellicle, sooty mould, taxonomy, animalia, chaetothyriales, chaetothyriaceae

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