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      Humanização da assistência ao parto no Brasil: os muitos sentidos de um movimento Translated title: Humanization of childbirth care in Brazil: the numerous meanings of a movement

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          Abstract

          Este texto recupera as origens do termo humanização do parto, o reconhecimento da sua assistência ao parto como evento desumanizante, a crítica técnica à assistência, o surgimento de um movimento nacional e internacional de humanização do parto, as políticas de humanização do parto desenvolvidas no Brasil, e as relações entre a crítica à assistência e a criação do movimento pela medicina baseada em evidências (MBE). Com base em um estudo de duas maternidades "humanizadas" do SUS, discute os diferentes (às vezes contraditórios) sentidos do termo, e seu alcance em questionar a cultura técnico-assistencial, a anatomia, a fisiologia femininas, e as relações de gênero. Entre os diferentes sentidos estão: o uso da MBE, o respeito aos direitos (reprodutivos e sexuais, ao acesso universal e ao consumo de tecnologia), o tratamento acolhedor e respeitoso, o manejo da dor do parto e a prevenção da dor iatrogênica, novas atribuições profissionais e disputas corporativas; a relação custo-benefício etc. Longe de querer achar a "humanização certa", busca-se compreender nos diferentes sentidos um diálogo, tenso e produtivo, entre atores sociais em disputa.

          Translated abstract

          This paper recovers the origins of the term "humanization of childbirth", the recognition of birth care as a dehumanizing event, the technical criticism to the organization of care, the emergence of a national and international movement, and the related public policies in Brazil. It explores the relationships between the critique to maternal care and the emergence of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM). Based on a research about "humanized maternity hospitals" in the Brazilian Public Health System, the paper explores the understanding of "humanization", describing the different (often contradictory) meanings, its possibilities to change the technical culture, the understanding of women’s anatomy and physiology, and gender relations. Those meanings are: the use of EBM, respect for women’s rights (sexual and reproductive, to universal access, to available technology); respectful treatment from providers; pain relief and prevention of iatrogenic pain; the new division and conflicts of responsibilities between doctors and nurses, cost-benefit analysis etc. Instead of finding the "correct humanization", we try to map a dialogue among different actors - a tense and productive one.

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          O Desafio do conhecimento pesquisa cualitativa em saúde

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            Pain and women's satisfaction with the experience of childbirth: a systematic review.

            To summarize what is known about satisfaction with childbirth, with particular attention to the roles of pain and pain relief. A systematic review of 137 reports of factors influencing women's evaluations of their childbirth experiences. The reports included descriptive studies, randomized controlled trials, and systematic reviews of intrapartum interventions. Results were summarized qualitatively. Four factors-personal expectations, the amount of support from caregivers, the quality of the caregiver-patient relationship, and involvement in decision making-appear to be so important that they override the influences of age, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, childbirth preparation, the physical birth environment, pain, immobility, medical interventions, and continuity of care, when women evaluate their childbirth experiences. The influences of pain, pain relief, and intrapartum medical interventions on subsequent satisfaction are neither as obvious, as direct, nor as powerful as the influences of the attitudes and behaviors of the caregivers.
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              APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY FOR BIRTH

              (1985)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csc
                Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
                Ciênc. saúde coletiva
                ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1413-8123
                1678-4561
                September 2005
                : 10
                : 3
                : 627-637
                Affiliations
                [01] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Saúde Pública orgdiv2Departamento de Saúde Materno-Infantil Brazil sidiniz@ 123456usp.br
                Article
                S1413-81232005000300019 S1413-8123(05)01000319
                10.1590/S1413-81232005000300019
                686c0883-bc19-4330-9ff8-532eb8b0b971

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 April 2005
                : 02 May 2005
                : 02 May 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 56, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)
                Categories
                Artigo

                Gender,Humanização do parto,Assistência baseada em evidências,SUS,Direitos humanos,Direitos sexuais e reprodutivos,Saúde sexual e reprodutiva,Gênero,Humanization of childbirth,Evidence-Based Care,Human rights,Sexual and reproductive health and rights

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