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      Technical insight on the requirements for CO 2-saturated growth of microalgae in photobioreactors

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          Abstract

          Microalgal cultures are usually sparged with CO 2-enriched air to preclude CO 2 limitation during photoautotrophic growth. However, the CO 2 vol% specifically required at operating conditions to meet the carbon requirement of algal cells in photobioreactor is never determined and 1–10% v/v CO 2-enriched air is arbitrarily used. A scheme is proposed and experimentally validated for Chlorella vulgaris that allows computing CO 2-saturated growth feasible at given CO 2 vol% and volumetric O 2 mass-transfer coefficient ( k L a) O. CO 2 sufficiency in an experiment can be theoretically established to adjust conditions for CO 2-saturated growth. The methodology completely eliminates the requirement of CO 2 electrode for online estimation of dissolved CO 2 to determine critical CO 2 concentration (C crit), specific CO 2 uptake rate (SCUR), and volumetric CO 2 mass-transfer coefficient ( k L a) C required for the governing CO 2 mass-transfer equation. C crit was estimated from specific O 2 production rate (SOPR) measurements at different dissolved CO 2 concentrations. SCUR was calculated from SOPR and photosynthetic quotient (PQ) determined from the balanced stoichiometric equation of growth. Effect of light attenuation and nutrient depletion on biomass estimate is also discussed. Furthermore, a simple design of photosynthetic activity measurement system was used, which minimizes light attenuation by hanging a low depth (ca. 10 mm) culture over the light source.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13205-017-0778-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          Most cited references18

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          Photobioreactors for mass cultivation of algae.

          Algae have attracted much interest for production of foods, bioactive compounds and also for their usefulness in cleaning the environment. In order to grow and tap the potentials of algae, efficient photobioreactors are required. Although a good number of photobioreactors have been proposed, only a few of them can be practically used for mass production of algae. One of the major factors that limits their practical application in algal mass cultures is mass transfer. Thus, a thorough understanding of mass transfer rates in photobioreactors is necessary for efficient operation of mass algal cultures. In this review article, various photobioreactors that are very promising for mass production of algae are discussed.
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            Photobioreactors: light regime, mass transfer, and scaleup

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              The technology of microalgal culturing.

              N Eriksen (2008)
              This review outlines the current status and recent developments in the technology of microalgal culturing in enclosed photobioreactors. Light distribution and mixing are the primary variables that affect productivities of photoautotrophic cultures and have strong impacts on photobioreactor designs. Process monitoring and control, physiological engineering, and heterotrophic microalgae are additional aspects of microalgal culturing, which have gained considerable attention in recent years.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                yuvraj@bitmesra.ac.in
                padmini@bitmesra.ac.in
                Journal
                3 Biotech
                3 Biotech
                3 Biotech
                Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                2190-572X
                2190-5738
                31 May 2017
                31 May 2017
                June 2017
                : 7
                : 2
                : 119
                Affiliations
                ISNI 0000 0001 2216 7125, GRID grid.462084.c, Department of Bio-Engineering, , Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, ; Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215 India
                Article
                778
                10.1007/s13205-017-0778-6
                5451369
                28567633
                6882e72d-8f0a-4a3b-b9db-90dd5a16f264
                © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017
                History
                : 9 September 2016
                : 14 February 2017
                Categories
                Original Article
                Custom metadata
                © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017

                microalgae,co2-saturated growth,co2-enriched air,photoautotrophic growth,photobioreactor,chlorella vulgaris

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