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      Awareness and usage of nutrition information and effect of sociodemographic characteristics on various aspects of food labels in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia Translated title: Conocimiento y uso de la información nutricional y efecto de las características sociodemográficas sobre diversos aspectos del etiquetado de alimentos en Al-Ahsa, Arabia Saudí

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction: labels deliver basic product information, health safety and nutritional information. Objectives: this study aims to assess consumers' knowledge, awareness, and practices in relation to food labels and the effect of sociodemographic characteristics on various aspects of food labels in Al-Ahsa. Methods: a random sampling method was used to recruit participants (n = 403) and a validated electronic questionnaire was used to gather data. Results: most of the participants (81.4 %) had moderate knowledge about general nutrition. The majority of them (58.8 %) placed high importance on reading food labels. Participants have positive opinions about the significance of reading food labels, and practice most of its aspects on a “frequent” basis. Lack of time was the main barrier for not utilizing food label information and obesity was the main concern if they did not read food labels. Results also demonstrate significant (p ≤ 0.01) positive correlations between participants' nutrition knowledge and their rating of the significance and their opinion and practices of reading food labels. Participants' rating of the importance of reading food labels was positively correlated with participants' opinion and practices regarding food label. Results also indicate that participants' sex, age, body mass index, educational level and health status have significant (p ≤ 0.05) effects on various aspects of food label under study. Finally, this study suggests some actions are required to enrich the knowledge, awareness, and practices regarding the food label among Saudi consumers in Al-Ahsa. Conclusion: this study emphasizes the significance of education and awareness initiatives to empower consumers to understand and use nutrition facts labels in order to make healthy dietary choices.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción: las etiquetas contienen la información básica del producto en términos de seguridad para la salud y composición nutricional. Objetivos: este estudio pretende valorar el conocimiento, la concienciación y la práctica de los consumidores saudíes con respecto a las etiquetas de los productos, así como el efecto de las características sociodemográficas sobre varios aspectos de dichas etiquetas en la región de Al-Ahsa. Métodos: se usó el método del muestreo aleatorio para reclutar a consumidores saudíes (n = 403) en Al-Ahsa y se empleó un cuestionario electrónico validado para recolectar los datos. Resultados: la mayoría de los participantes (el 81,4 %) tenían conocimientos moderados acerca de la nutrición en general. La mayor parte de los participantes (58,8 %) daba mucha importancia a la lectura de la etiqueta alimentaria. Además, los participantes tienen opiniones positivas sobre la importancia de leer las etiquetas de los alimentos y practican la mayoría de los aspectos relacionados con las mismas de forma “frecuente”. La falta de tiempo era el principal obstáculo para aprovechar la información nutricional de las etiquetas de los alimentos y la obesidad, la principal preocupación en caso de no leerlas. Los resultados muestran también correlaciones positivas significativas (p ≤ 0,01) entre los conocimientos nutricionales de los participantes, su valoración de la importancia que tiene leer las etiquetas alimentarias y las prácticas derivadas de ellas. Además, la valoración que hacen los participantes de leer las etiquetas de los alimentos se correlacionó positivamente con su opinión sobre dichas etiquetas y las prácticas relacionadas con ellas. Los resultados también indican que el sexo, la edad, el índice de masa corporal, el nivel educativo y el estado de salud de los participantes tienen un efecto significativo (p ≤ 0,05) sobre diversos aspectos de la etiqueta alimentaria sometida a estudio. Por último, este estudio sugiere que se precisan algunas acciones para enriquecer el conocimiento, la concienciación y las prácticas concernientes al etiquetado alimentario entre los consumidores saudíes de Al-Ahsa. Conclusión: se resalta la importancia de las iniciativas de educación y concienciación para permitir a los consumidores comprender y usar las etiquetas de datos nutricionales a fin de que puedan elegir una dieta sana.

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          Most cited references40

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          Health care system in Saudi Arabia: an overview.

          The government of Saudi Arabia has given high priority to the development of health care services at all levels: primary, secondary and tertiary. As a consequence, the health of the Saudi population has greatly improved in recent decades. However, a number of issues pose challenges to the health care system, such a shortage of Saudi health professionals, the health ministry's multiple roles, limited financial resources, changing patterns of disease, high demand resulting from free services, an absence of a national crisis management policy, poor accessibility to some health care facilities, lack of a national health information system, and the underutilization of the potential of electronic health strategies. This paper reviews the historical development and current structure of the health care system in Saudi Arabia with particular emphasis on the public health sector and the opportunities and challenges confronting the Saudi health care system.
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            Use and understanding of nutrition information on food labels in six European countries

            Aim The goal of the study was to investigate the use of nutrition information on food labels and understanding of guideline daily amount (GDA) front-of-pack nutrition labels in six European countries. Subjects and methods In-store observations and in-store interviews were conducted in major retailers in the UK (n = 2019), Sweden (n = 1858), France (n = 2337), Germany (n = 1963), Poland (n = 1800) and Hungary (n = 1804), supplemented by questionnaires filled out at home and returned (overall response rate 50.3%). Use of labels was measured by combining in-store observations and in-store interviews on concrete purchases in six product categories. Understanding of GDA front-of-pack nutrition labels was measured by a variety of tasks dealing with conceptual understanding, substantial understanding and health inferences. Demographics, nutrition knowledge and interest in healthy eating were measured as potential determinants. Results Across six product categories, 16.8% of shoppers were found to have looked for nutrition information on the label, with the nutrition grid (table or list), GDA labels and the ingredients list as the main sources consulted and calories, fat and sugar the information most often looked for. Understanding of GDA labels was high in the UK, Sweden and Germany, and more limited in the other countries. Regression analysis showed that, in addition to country-specific differences, use and understanding are also affected by differences in interest in healthy eating and in nutrition knowledge and by social grade. Conclusion Understanding of nutrition information seems to be more widespread than use, suggesting that lack of use is a question of not only understanding, but also motivation. Considerable national differences exist in both understanding and use, some of which may be attributed to different histories of the role of nutrition in the public debate.
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              The effects of nutrition knowledge on food label use. A review of the literature.

              Nutrition information on food labels is an important source of nutrition information but is typically underutilized by consumers. This review examined whether consumer nutrition knowledge is important for communication of nutrition information through labels on packaged foods. A cognitive processing model posits that consumers with prior knowledge are more likely to use label information effectively, that is, focus on salient information, understand information, and make healthful decisions based on this information. Consistent with this model, the review found that nutrition knowledge provides support for food label use. However, nutrition knowledge measures varied widely in terms of the dimensions they included and the extensiveness of the assessment. Relatively few studies investigated knowledge effects on the use of ingredient lists and claims, compared to nutrition facts labels. We also found an overreliance on convenience samples relying on younger adults, limiting our understanding of how knowledge supports food label use in later life. Future research should 1) investigate which dimensions, or forms, of nutrition knowledge are most critical to food label use and dietary decision making and 2) determine whether increases in nutrition knowledge can promote great use of nutrition information on food labels.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                October 2022
                : 39
                : 5
                : 1106-1116
                Affiliations
                [1] Riyadh Riyadh orgnameKing Saud University orgdiv1Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences orgdiv2College of Food and Agriculture Sciences Saudi Arabia
                Article
                S0212-16112022000800020 S0212-1611(22)03900500020
                10.20960/nh.04087
                36094068
                696436fb-616d-4a02-9904-86b011c81a88

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 July 2022
                : 17 February 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Papers

                Sociodemográfico,Food labeling,Educación,Nutrition knowledge,Consumer awareness,Sociodemographic,Education,Etiquetado de productos,Conocimiento nutricional,Conciencia del consumidor

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