[Biatrial pacing as an effective therapy method of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation].

Abstract

For effective management of drug-refractory atrial fibrillation as the most common arrhythmia new methods are needed. In case of existing interatrial conduction disturbance the use of biatrial pacemaker with standard right atrial lead and additive coronary sinus lead for left atrial pacing shows an antiarryhthmic effect due to atrial resynchronisation. In order to demonstrate the antiarrhythmic effect of biatrial pacing, 74 pts. (26 f/48 m, mean age 63 +/- 9.4 y, follow-up 482 +/- 183 days) received a biatrial pacemaker (AAD-mode, AV-delay 0 msec, LOGOS, Fa. Biotronik) from 11/97 to 03/99. All patients had a prolongation of P-wave duration more than 100 msec (mean 122.3 +/- 23.1 msec). Preoperatively 9/74 (12%) pts. had monthly, 49/74 pts. (66%) had weekly, and 11/74 pts. (15%) had daily episodes of atrial fibrillation. Permanent atrial fibrillation > 6 month was seen in 5/74 pts. (7%, preoperative cardioversion). The intraoperative right atrial pacing threshold was 0.89 +/- 0.64 V (0.5 msec pulse width), the atrial signal amplitude 2.31 +/- 1.03 mV, the impedance signal 616 +/- 157 omega. Voltage recording in the coronary sinus showed a pacing threshold of 1.4 +/- 0.68 V (0.5 msec pulse width) and a potential of 3.47 +/- 1.44 mV. The impedance signal was 559 +/- 137 omega. The obtained P-wave duration was reduced for 33.9 +/- 20.1 msec. In 7/74 pts. (9.4%) we found a dislocation and in 4/74 pts. (5.4%) an excessive high pacing threshold of coronary sinus lead > 4 V/0.5 msec. All pts. with dislocated lead were reoperated. There were no perforations and thromboses of coronary sinus. The intervention led to a significant inhibition of atrial fibrillation in 11/74 pts. (14.9%) without and in 17/74 pts. (24.3%) with antiarrhythmic drugs. 17/74 pts. (24.3%) had a reduction of episodes without and 16/74 pts. (21.6%) with concomitant medication. The treatment did not have any influence on the prevalence of atrial fibrillation in 9/74 pts. (27%). In conclusion, the implantation of biatrial pacemaker leads to a significant reduction of atrial fibrillation episodes and has proven to be practicable and safe for clinical use.