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      Gold, iron and manganese in central Amapá, Brazil Translated title: Ouro, ferro e manganês na área central do Amapá, Brasil

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT: Greenstone belts with deposits of gold, iron and manganese are common in the Paleoproterozoic Maroni-Itacaiunas Tectonic Province of the Guiana Shield. In Brazil, in the State of Amapá and northwest of Pará, they are represented by the Vila Nova Group, constituted by a basal unit of metabasalts, covered by metasediments of clastic and chemical origin. The basal metasediments, the Serra do Navio Formation, are made of a cyclothem with lenses of manganese marbles at the top of each cycle. Under the intense weathering of the Amazon, these lenses were oxidized to large deposits of high-grade manganese oxides. The exploitation of these oxides left behind the manganese carbonates and low-grade oxides. The overlaying Serra da Canga Formation presents a calcium and magnesium domain grading to an iron domain with banded silicate and oxide iron formations, mined for iron ores. Overlapping structures and superposed metamorphic crystallizations indicate two phases of dynamothermal metamorphism, the first one with axis to north-northeast and the second one to northwest, with an intermediate phase of thermal metamorphism related to syntectonic granitic intrusions. Shears oriented north-south, possibly formed during the first dynamothermal metamorphism and reactivated in the second, are ideal sites for hydrothermalism and gold mineralization, which is greater when occurs in iron formation and carbonate-bearing rocks, as it happened at the Tucano mine. Layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the greenstones represent a potential for chromite and platinum group elements. Pegmatites are source of cassiterite and tantalite exploited from alluvial deposits.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO: A Província Tectônica Paleoproterozoica Maroni-Itacaiunas estende-se ao longo de toda a área costeira do Escudo das Guianas apresentando nessa extensão faixas de greenstone com depósitos hidrotermais de ouro. No Brasil, no estado do Amapá e no noroeste do Pará, os greenstones são representados pelo Grupo Vila Nova, que também apresenta depósitos sedimentares de ferro e de manganês e intrusões de complexos máfico-ultramáficos com possibilidades de mineralizações de cromo e platinoides. Pegmatitos com cassiterita e tantalita são relacionados a intrusões graníticas sintectônicas nos greenstones. As faixas de greenstone Vila Nova cobrem embasamento de gnaisses, migmatitos e granitos. Em sua base há unidade de ortoanfibolitos, capeada por metassedimentos químicos e clásticos de granulação fina, na base dos quais há um ciclotema com lentes de mármore manganesífero no topo de cada ciclo. Na intemperização essas lentes foram substituídas por corpos massivos e de altos teores de óxido de manganês. As subsequentes unidades da coluna metassedimentar apresentam inicialmente domínio de cálcio e magnésio, gradando acima para um domínio de ferro, caracterizado por formações ferríferas silicáticas e óxidas, parte das quais são lavradas para minério de ferro. Corpos graníticos sintectônicos são intrusivos e formam domos no greenstone. Os greenstones foram submetidos a duas fases de metamorfismo dinamotermal, com uma fase intermediária de metamorfismo termal causada pelos granitos intrusivos. Zonas de cisalhamento formadas na primeira fase de metamorfismo e reativadas na segunda constituem locais favoráveis para a mineralização aurífera, principalmente quando em formações ferríferas.

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          Most cited references26

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          Extensive 200-million-year-Old continental flood basalts of the central atlantic magmatic province

          The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) is defined by tholeiitic basalts that crop out in once-contiguous parts of North America, Europe, Africa, and South America and is associated with the breakup of Pangea. 40Ar/39Ar and paleomagnetic data indicate that CAMP magmatism extended over an area of 2.5 million square kilometers in north and central Brazil, and the total aerial extent of the magmatism exceeded 7 million square kilometers in a few million years, with peak activity at 200 million years ago. The magmatism coincided closely in time with a major mass extinction at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary.
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            Zircon geochronology and Sm–Nd isotopic study: Further constraints for the Archean and Paleoproterozoic geodynamical evolution of the southeastern Guiana Shield, north of Amazonian Craton, Brazil

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              Paleoproterozoic evolution of the Guiana Shield in Suriname: A revised model

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bjgeo
                Brazilian Journal of Geology
                Braz. J. Geol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                2317-4889
                2317-4692
                December 2017
                : 47
                : 4
                : 703-721
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameIndependent consultant Brasil wiscar@ 123456terra.com.br
                [2] orgnameIndependent consultant Brasil horikava@ 123456terra.com.br
                Article
                S2317-48892017000400703
                10.1590/2317-4889201720170114
                698f181f-f623-4642-be34-831101b1300c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 September 2017
                : 25 August 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 19
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Group Vila Nova greenstones,Superposed metamorphic cycles,Complexos máfico-ultramáficos Precambrianos,Precambrian iron formation,Ciclotema manganesífero Precambriano,Ciclos metamórficos superpostos,Formação ferrífera Precambriana,Greenstones do Grupo Vila Nova,Precambrian mafic-ultramafic complexes,Manganesiferous Precambrian cyclothem

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