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      Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests in Patients with Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarctions in the East Bohemian Region over the Period 2002–2004

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          Abstract

          Background: Early reperfusion by direct percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarctions (STEMI) with an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) reduces hospital and longterm mortality. Aims: Evaluating the significance of direct PCI for the short-term (discharge from acute hospitalization) and 1-year survival in patients with acute STEMI after OHCA. Methods: In this prospective study, from April 1, 2002 up to August 31, 2004, a total of 26 hospitalized individuals (22 men, 4 women, aged 35–79 years, median 58.5) from the East Bohemian region with OHCA (primary group of 718 individuals) with acute STEMI were included. Urgent coronary angiography was performed in 20 individuals, and direct PCI was done in 19 of them. The remaining 6 patients did not undergo angiography. Results: Fifteen patients (57.7%) survived acute hospitalization, of whom 11 were without neurological deficits. In the subgroup with urgent coronary angiography 14 patients (70%) survived hospitalization, and in the subgroup without coronarography only 1 patient survived hospitalization (16.7%). In the subgroup with PCIs, 13 out of the 19 patients survived (68.4%). None of the patients died during the 1-year follow-up after being discharged from acute hospitalization. According to the urgent coronarography the artery most commonly responsible for the infarction was the left anterior descending artery (50%). Initial TIMI flow grade 0–I was found in 17 patients and grade II–III in 3 individuals. After PCI, irrespective of stent implantation, an optimal angiographic success (TIMI flow grade II–III) was obtained in 17 cases. Conclusion: Short-term survival of patients after OHCA with STEMI treated with direct PCI was found to be 68.4%. Out of 6 patients not receiving reperfusion therapy 1 survived (16.7%). Over the course of the 1-year follow-up none of the patients died.

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          Thrombosis and acute coronary-artery lesions in sudden cardiac ischemic death.

          M. Davies, Julie A. Thomas (1984)
          The nature of the pathologic lesion in sudden cardiac ischemic death is in dispute. Among 100 subjects who died of ischemic heart disease in less than six hours, coronary thrombi were found in 74. There was no difference in incidence between those who died in less than 15 minutes, those who died in 15 to 60 minutes, and those who died after one hour. Among 26 cases without an intraluminal thrombus, plaque fissuring was found in 21; thus, in only 5 cases was no acute arterial lesion demonstrated. No intraluminal thrombi were found in age-matched controls. Forty-eight of the 74 thrombi were found at sites of preexisting high-grade stenosis; 14 were found at points of previous stenosis of less than 50 per cent of the diameter of the lumen. Forty-seven per cent of the thrombi were found in the right coronary artery. Only 30 per cent were found in the left anterior descending coronary artery. The pathologic process in sudden ischemic death involves a rapidly evolving coronary-artery lesion in which plaque fissuring and resultant thrombus formation are present. These findings have implications for the prevention of sudden cardiac death by antithrombotic therapy.
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            Immediate coronary angiography in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

            C Spaulding, L Joly, A. Rosenberg … (1997)
            The incidence of acute coronary-artery occlusion among patients with sudden cardiac arrest outside of the hospital is unknown, and the role of reperfusion therapy has not been determined. We therefore performed immediate coronary angiography and angioplasty when indicated in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Between September 1994 and August 1996, coronary angiography was performed in 84 consecutive patients between the ages of 30 and 75 years who had no obvious noncardiac cause of cardiac arrest. Sixty of the 84 patients had clinically significant coronary disease on angiography, 40 of whom had coronary-artery occlusion (48 percent). Angioplasty was attempted in 37 patients and was technically successful in 28. Clinical and electrocardiographic findings, such as the occurrence of chest pain and the presence of ST-segment elevation, were poor predictors of acute coronary-artery occlusion. The in-hospital survival rate was 38 percent. Multivariate logistic-regression analysis revealed that successful angioplasty was an independent predictor of survival (odds ratio, 5.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 24.5; P=0.04). Acute coronary-artery occlusion is frequent in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and is predicted poorly by clinical and electrocardiographic findings. Accurate diagnosis by immediate coronary angiography can be followed in suitable candidates by coronary angioplasty, which seems to improve survival.
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              ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction; A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of patients with acute myocardial infarction).

              S Alpert, G Gregoratos, E M Antman … (2004)
              Article 0 comments Cited 144 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CRD
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cardiology
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0008-6312
                Title: Cardiology
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Print): 0008-6312
                ISSN (Electronic): 1421-9751
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2008
                Publication date (Print): December 2007
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 July 2007
                Volume: 109
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 41-51
                Affiliations
                a1st Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and bComputer Technology Center, Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, and cDepartment of Cardiology and dKardio-Troll, Department of Invasive Cardiology, Regional Hospital Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
                Article
                Publisher ID: 105325 Other ID: Cardiology 2008;109:41–51
                DOI: 10.1159/000105325
                PubMed ID: 17627108
                SO-VID: 6a04b189-1023-4302-a2df-dacf762e0f80
                Copyright © © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Date received : 07 March 2006
                Date accepted : 05 November 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 6, References: 29, Pages: 11
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: General medicine,Neurology,Cardiovascular Medicine,Internal medicine,Nephrology
                Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction,ST segment elevation myocardial infarction,Cardiac death, sudden,Cardiac arrest,Cardiac arrest, out-of-hospital,Percutaneous coronary intervention
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: General medicine, Neurology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Internal medicine, Nephrology
                Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction, ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, Cardiac death, sudden, Cardiac arrest, Cardiac arrest, out-of-hospital, Percutaneous coronary intervention

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