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      Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey

      research-article
      1 , 2 , * , 3 , 4 , 5 , 4 , 6 , 4 , 6 , 4 , 7 , 3 , 3 , 3 , 8 , 9 , 8 , 9 , 6 , 10 , 2 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 13 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 7 , 25 , 25 , 26 , 26 , 27 , 4 , 4 , 6 , 13 , 28 , 29 , 4 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 37 , 38 , 38 , 14 , 39 , 40 , 33 , 41 , 1 , On Behalf of the ECLB-COVID19 Consortium 1 , 19
      Nutrients
      MDPI
      pandemic, public health, physical activity, nutrition, COVID-19

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          Abstract

          Background: Public health recommendations and governmental measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in numerous restrictions on daily living including social distancing, isolation and home confinement. While these measures are imperative to abate the spreading of COVID-19, the impact of these restrictions on health behaviours and lifestyles at home is undefined. Therefore, an international online survey was launched in April 2020, in seven languages, to elucidate the behavioural and lifestyle consequences of COVID-19 restrictions. This report presents the results from the first thousand responders on physical activity (PA) and nutrition behaviours. Methods: Following a structured review of the literature, the “ Effects of home Confinement on multiple Lifestyle Behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak (ECLB-COVID19)” Electronic survey was designed by a steering group of multidisciplinary scientists and academics. The survey was uploaded and shared on the Google online survey platform. Thirty-five research organisations from Europe, North-Africa, Western Asia and the Americas promoted the survey in English, German, French, Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese and Slovenian languages. Questions were presented in a differential format, with questions related to responses “before” and “during” confinement conditions. Results: 1047 replies (54% women) from Asia (36%), Africa (40%), Europe (21%) and other (3%) were included in the analysis. The COVID-19 home confinement had a negative effect on all PA intensity levels (vigorous, moderate, walking and overall). Additionally, daily sitting time increased from 5 to 8 h per day. Food consumption and meal patterns (the type of food, eating out of control, snacks between meals, number of main meals) were more unhealthy during confinement, with only alcohol binge drinking decreasing significantly. Conclusion: While isolation is a necessary measure to protect public health, results indicate that it alters physical activity and eating behaviours in a health compromising direction. A more detailed analysis of survey data will allow for a segregation of these responses in different age groups, countries and other subgroups, which will help develop interventions to mitigate the negative lifestyle behaviours that have manifested during the COVID-19 confinement.

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          Validation of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) and Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) in New Zealand help-seeking adolescents

          This study examines the reliability and validity of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) and Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) for measuring depression in New Zealand help‐seeking adolescents. A sample of 183 adolescents completed the 33‐item MFQ, which includes all 13 items on the SMFQ, at three time points during a trial of a computerized intervention for depression. Both the MFQ and SMFQ demonstrated good to excellent Cronbach's alphas, moderate to strong item‐total score correlations, moderate to strong correlations with quality of life and anxiety measures, and strong correlations with the clinician‐rated Children's Depression Rating Scale—Revised and the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale 2 at all time points, indicating good reliability and content, convergent, and concurrent validities, respectively. Favoring sensitivity over specificity, the optimal cut‐off value for differentiating depressed from nondepressed cases for the MFQ was ≥28 and for the SMFQ was ≥12. Both instruments demonstrated satisfactory diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity to change. The MFQ and SMFQ are free and simple instruments that can be used to identify depression and measure symptom change in New Zealand help‐seeking adolescents.
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            Development and evaluation of the physical activity questionnaire for elderly Japanese: the Nakanojo study.

            The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Elderly Japanese (PAQ-EJ) is a self-administered physical activity questionnaire for elderly Japanese; the authors report here on its repeatability and direct and indirect validity. Reliability was assessed by repeat administration after 1 month. Direct validation was based on accelerometer data collected every 4 s for 1 month in 147 individuals age 65-85 years. Indirect validation against a 10-item Barthel index (activities of daily living [ADL]) was completed in 3,084 individuals age 65-99 years. The test-retest coefficient was high (r = .64-.71). Total and subtotal scores for lower (transportation, housework, and labor) and higher intensity activities (exercise/sports) were significantly correlated with step counts and durations of physical activity or=3 METs (r = .41, .28, .53), respectively. Controlling for age and ADL, scores for transportation, exercise/sports, and labor were greater in men, but women performed more housework. Sex- and ADL- or age-adjusted PAQ-EJ scores were significantly lower in older and dependent people. PAQ-EJ repeatability and validity seem comparable to those of instruments used in Western epidemiological studies.
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              Ecological momentary assessment of drinking in young adults: An investigation into social context, affect and motives

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nutrients
                Nutrients
                nutrients
                Nutrients
                MDPI
                2072-6643
                28 May 2020
                June 2020
                : 12
                : 6
                : 1583
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; anita.hoekelmann@ 123456ovgu.de (A.H.);
                [2 ]Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR12ES17, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; omarham007@ 123456yahoo.fr
                [3 ]Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; michael.brach@ 123456uni-muenster.de (M.B.); ellen.bentlage@ 123456uni-muenster.de (E.B.); d.how@ 123456uni-muenster.de (D.H.); mona.ahmad@ 123456uni-muenster.de (M.A.)
                [4 ]High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; trabelsikhaled@ 123456gmail.com (K.T.); liwa.masmoudi@ 123456yahoo.fr (L.M.); jarrayam@ 123456yahoo.fr (M.J.); kais.elabed@ 123456gmail.com (K.E.A.); wassim.moalla@ 123456gmail.com (W.M.)
                [5 ]Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
                [6 ]Research Unit: Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; h_chtourou@ 123456yahoo.fr (H.C.); omarboukhris24@ 123456yahoo.com (O.B.); aloui.asma@ 123456gmail.com (A.A.); n_souissi@ 123456yahoo.fr (N.S.)
                [7 ]Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; bassem.bouaziz@ 123456isims.usf.tn (B.B.); faiez.gargouri@ 123456isims.usf.tn (F.G.)
                [8 ]Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; patrick.mueller@ 123456dzne.de (P.M.); notger.mueller@ 123456dzne.de (N.M.)
                [9 ]Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
                [10 ]High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Gafsa, 2112 Gafsa, Tunisia
                [11 ]Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas, LAVIMPI-UERJ, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20950-003, Brazil; laisanit@ 123456gmail.com
                [12 ]Faculdade Bezerra de Araújo, Rio de Janeiro, Rj 23052-180, Brazil
                [13 ]Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, 7522 Enschede, The Netherland; l.m.a.braakman-jansen@ 123456utwente.nl (A.B.-J.); c.wrede@ 123456utwente.nl (C.W.); j.vangemert-pijnen@ 123456utwente.nl (L.V.G.-P.)
                [14 ]Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milano, Italy; sofia.bastoni2@ 123456gmail.com (S.B.); andrea.gaggioli@ 123456unicatt.it (A.G.)
                [15 ]Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 20261-063, Brasil; eremcarlossoares@ 123456gmail.com
                [16 ]College of Business Administration, American University in the Emirates, 503000 Dubai Academic City, Dubai, UAE; mataruna@ 123456gmail.com
                [17 ]Faculty of social science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran; taheri_morteza@ 123456yahoo.com (M.T.); irandoust@ 123456soc.ikiu.ac.ir (K.I.)
                [18 ]UVHC, DeVisu, Valenciennes; LIRTES-EA 7313, Université Paris Est Créteil Val de Marne, 94000 Créteil, France; aimen.khacharem@ 123456gmail.com
                [19 ]Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; robertobragazzi@ 123456gmail.com
                [20 ]Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
                [21 ]ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha 29222, Qatar; karim.chamari@ 123456aspetar.com
                [22 ]Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, (CNMSS); ISSEP Ksar-Said, Manouba University, 2010 Manouba, Tunisia
                [23 ]Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; jordan@ 123456neurotrack.com
                [24 ]Clinical Excellence Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; nbott@ 123456stanford.edu
                [25 ]Computer science department, University of Toulouse, IRIT-INP-ENSEEIHT (UMR 5505), BP 7122, 31500 Toulouse, France; chaari.lotfi@ 123456gmail.com (L.C.); hadj.batatia@ 123456inp-toulouse.fr (H.B.)
                [26 ]Faculty of Physical Education, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; mdrgamal@ 123456yahoo.com (G.M.A.); osamosama@ 123456osmail.com (O.A.)
                [27 ]Institute for Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruher, Germany
                [28 ]Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA; briemann@ 123456georgiasouthern.edu
                [29 ]PharmD, BCBS; PharmIAD, Inc, Savannah, GA 30458, USA; pharmiad@ 123456comcast.net
                [30 ]FundeSalud, Dept. of Health and Social Services, Government of Extremadura, 06800 Merida, Spain; jonathan.gomez@ 123456fundesalud.es
                [31 ]The E-Senior Association, 75020 Paris, France; monique.epstein@ 123456gmail.com
                [32 ]Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands; r.sanderman@ 123456umcg.nl
                [33 ]Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany; schulz.sebi@ 123456gmx.de (S.V.W.S.); achim.jerg@ 123456posteo.de (A.J.); Juergen.Steinacker@ 123456uniklinik-ulm.de (J.M.S.)
                [34 ]Department of Exercise Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan; raalhorani@ 123456yu.edu.jo
                [35 ]Faculty of Physical Education, The University of Jordan, 11942 Amman, Jordan; taiysir@ 123456hotmail.com
                [36 ]Digital Research Centre of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; mohamed.jmaiel@ 123456redcad.org
                [37 ]Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; fernandobarbosa@ 123456me.com (F.B.); frsantos@ 123456fpce.up.pt (F.F.-S.)
                [38 ]Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; bostjan.simunic@ 123456zrs-kp.si (B.Š.); rado.pisot@ 123456zrs-kp.si (R.P.)
                [39 ]Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20149 Milan, Italy
                [40 ]School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough E11 3TU, UK; s.bailey2@ 123456lboro.ac.uk
                [41 ]Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2-2APS), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France; tarak.driss@ 123456parisnanterre.fr
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: achraf1.ammar@ 123456ovgu.de ; Tel.: +49-391-6757395
                [†]

                Equally contributed as first authors.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-8053
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6996-8931
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3451-5056
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9456-5974
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2563-4291
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0433-2152
                Article
                nutrients-12-01583
                10.3390/nu12061583
                7352706
                32481594
                6a17bccc-cb6c-403c-aba3-234b52343049
                © 2020 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 30 April 2020
                : 25 May 2020
                Categories
                Article

                Nutrition & Dietetics
                pandemic,public health,physical activity,nutrition,covid-19
                Nutrition & Dietetics
                pandemic, public health, physical activity, nutrition, covid-19

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