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      Application of G-CSF in Congestive Heart Failure Treatment

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          Abstract

          Introduction:

          Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a disorder in which the heart is unable to supply enough blood for body tissues. Since heart is an adaptable organ, it overcomes this condition by going under remodeling process. Considering cardiac myocytes are capable of proliferation after MI, stimulation of neovascularization as well as their regeneration might serve as a novel target in cardiac remodeling prevention and CHF treatment. Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF), is a hematopoietic cytokine that promotes proliferation and differentiation of neutrophils and is in-volved in cardiac repair after MI. So far, this is the first review to focus on GCSF as a novel treat-ment for heart failure.

          Methods:

          We conducted a search of some databases such as PubMed for articles and reviews pub-lished between 2003 and 2017, with different keywords including “G-CSF”, “congestive heart fail-ure”, “new therapies for CHF”, “filgrastim”, “in vivo study”.

          Results:

          GCSF exerts its beneficial effects on cardiac repair through either stem cell mobilization or direct angiogenesis promotion. All of which are capable of promoting cardiac cell repair.

          Conclusion:

          GCSF is a promising target in CHF-therapy by means of cardiac repair and remodeling prevention through multiple mechanisms, which are effective enough to be used in clinical practice.

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          Most cited references25

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          Heart failure: preventing disease and death worldwide

          Piotr Ponikowski, Stefan D. Anker, Khalid AlHabib … (2014)
          Heart failure is a life-threatening disease and addressing it should be considered a global health priority. At present, approximately 26 million people worldwide are living with heart failure. The outlook for such patients is poor, with survival rates worse than those for bowel, breast or prostate cancer. Furthermore, heart failure places great stresses on patients, caregivers and healthcare systems. Demands on healthcare services, in particular, are predicted to increase dramatically over the next decade as patient numbers rise owing to ageing populations, detrimental lifestyle changes and improved survival of those who go on to develop heart failure as the final stage of another disease. It is time to ease the strain on healthcare systems through clear policy initiatives that prioritize heart failure prevention and champion equity of care for all. Despite the burdens that heart failure imposes on society, awareness of the disease is poor. As a result, many premature deaths occur. This is in spite of the fact that most types of heart failure are preventable and that a healthy lifestyle can reduce risk. Even after heart failure has developed, premature deaths could be prevented if people were taught to recognize the symptoms and seek immediate medical attention. Public awareness campaigns focusing on these messages have great potential to improve outcomes for patients with heart failure and ultimately to save lives. Compliance with clinical practice guidelines is also associated with improved outcomes for patients with heart failure. However, in many countries, there is considerable variation in how closely physicians follow guideline recommendations. To promote equity of care, improvements should be encouraged through the use of hospital performance measures and incentives appropriate to the locality. To this end, policies should promote the research required to establish an evidence base for performance measures that reflect improved outcomes for patients. Continuing research is essential if we are to address unmet needs in caring for patients with heart failure. New therapies are required for patients with types of heart failure for which current treatments relieve symptoms but do not address the disease. More affordable therapies are desperately needed in the economically developing world. International collaborative research focusing on the causes and treatment of heart failure worldwide has the potential to benefit tens of millions of people. Change at the policy level has the power to drive improvements in prevention and care that will save lives. It is time to make a difference across the globe by confronting the problem of heart failure.
          Article 0 comments Cited 331 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Epidemiology of heart failure: the prevalence of heart failure and ventricular dysfunction in older adults over time. A systematic review.

            Evelien E S van Riet, Arno Hoes, Kim Wagenaar … (2016)
            The 'epidemic' of heart failure seems to be changing, but precise prevalence estimates of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) in older adults, based on adequate echocardiographic assessment, are scarce. Systematic reviews including recent studies on the prevalence of heart failure and LVD are lacking. We aimed to assess the trends in the prevalence of LVD, and heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in the older population at large. A systematic electronic search of the databases Medline and Embase was performed. Studies that reported prevalence estimates in community-dwelling people ≥60 years old were included if echocardiography was used to establish the diagnosis. In total, 28 articles from 25 different study populations were included. The median prevalence of systolic and 'isolated' diastolic LVD was 5.5% (range 3.3-9.2%) and 36.0% (range 15.8-52.8%), respectively. A peak in systolic dysfunction prevalence seems to have occurred between 1995 and 2000. 'All type' heart failure had a median prevalence rate of 11.8% (range 4.7-13.3%), with fairly stable rates in the last decade and with HFpEF being more common than HFrEF [median prevalence 4.9% (range 3.8-7.4%) and 3.3% (range 2.4-5.8%), respectively]. Both LVD and heart failure remain common in the older population at large. The prevalence of diastolic dysfunction is on the rise and currently higher than that of systolic dysfunction. The prevalence of the latter seems to have decreased in the 21st century.
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              Mobilized bone marrow cells repair the infarcted heart, improving function and survival.

              D Orlic, J Kajstura, S. Chimenti … (2001)
              Attempts to repair myocardial infarcts by transplanting cardiomyocytes or skeletal myoblasts have failed to reconstitute healthy myocardium and coronary vessels integrated structurally and functionally with the remaining viable portion of the ventricular wall. The recently discovered growth and transdifferentiation potential of primitive bone marrow cells (BMC) prompted us, in an earlier study, to inject in the border zone of acute infarcts Lin(-) c-kit(POS) BMC from syngeneic animals. These BMC differentiated into myocytes and vascular structures, ameliorating the function of the infarcted heart. Two critical determinants seem to be required for the transdifferentiation of primitive BMC: tissue damage and a high level of pluripotent cells. On this basis, we hypothesized here that BMC, mobilized by stem cell factor and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, would home to the infarcted region, replicate, differentiate, and ultimately promote myocardial repair. We report that, in the presence of an acute myocardial infarct, cytokine-mediated translocation of BMC resulted in a significant degree of tissue regeneration 27 days later. Cytokine-induced cardiac repair decreased mortality by 68%, infarct size by 40%, cavitary dilation by 26%, and diastolic stress by 70%. Ejection fraction progressively increased and hemodynamics significantly improved as a consequence of the formation of 15 x 10(6) new myocytes with arterioles and capillaries connected with the circulation of the unaffected ventricle. In conclusion, mobilization of primitive BMC by cytokines might offer a noninvasive therapeutic strategy for the regeneration of the myocardium lost as a result of ischemic heart disease and, perhaps, other forms of cardiac pathology.
              Article 0 comments Cited 209 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Curr Cardiol Rev
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Curr Cardiol Rev
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CCR
                Title: Current Cardiology Reviews
                Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
                ISSN (Print): 1573-403X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1875-6557
                Publication date (Electronic): May 2019
                Publication date (Print): May 2019
                Volume: 15
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 83-90
                Affiliations
                Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, , Iran; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, , Iran; School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, , Iran; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, , Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, , Iran
                Author notes
                [* ]Address correspondence to this author at the Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Tel: +98-9153162909;, E-mail: MohamadpoorAH@ 123456mums.ac.ir
                Article
                Publisher ID: CCR-15-83
                DOI: 10.2174/1573403X14666181031115118
                PMC ID: 6520582
                PubMed ID: 30378501
                SO-VID: 6a18c06d-30ae-419c-96cd-4b346040fecd
                Copyright © © 2019 Bentham Science Publishers
                License:

                This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 23 April 2018
                Date revision received : 17 October 2018
                Date accepted : 24 October 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine
                Keywords: in vivo study,new therapies for chf,filgrastim,congestive heart failure,g-csf,prevention
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine
                Keywords: in vivo study, new therapies for chf, filgrastim, congestive heart failure, g-csf, prevention

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