20
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Intestinal Parasitic Infection in the Suruí Indians, Brazilian Amazon Translated title: Infecção por parasitoses intestinais entre os Indios Suruí, Amazônia Brasileira Translated title: Parasitosis intestinal en los Indios Suruí, Amazonia Brasilera

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          This study reports the results of a cross-sectional survey carried out in 2005 to investigate the epidemiology of intestinal parasitism among the Suruí Indians, Brazilian Amazon. A total of 519 stool samples were examined by zinc-sulphate-flotation and formol-ether-sedimentation. Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar-positive samples were further tested by ELISA. Thirty-six percent of the subjects were positive for one more helminth species; 70.7% harbored at least one protozoan species. The most frequent helminth was Hymenolepis nana (29.5%). Nematodes were rare (hookworm= 3.3%; Strongyloides stercoralis= 0.2%). Capillaria sp. was identified in 5.2% of the samples and one case of parasitism by Dipylidium caninum was detected. Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis and E. histolytica/E. dispar was 16.2% and 12.3%, respectively. Based on ELISA, the prevalence of E. histolytica infection was 3.2%. The overall prevalence of intestinal nematode infections depicted in this study was surprisingly low compared to what is often reported for other indigenous populations in the Brazilian Amazon. It is argued that the prevalence of helminths in the Suruí are associated with anthelminthic mass treatment schemes undertaken by the Indian health service, in the absence of other measures. The authors propose that a special program aimed at controlling intestinal parasitism in indigenous communities should step beyond the top-down distribution of medication, but rather be designed in collaboration with the target population, encompassing education, better housing, alternative sewage disposal systems and safe water supply to all villagers.

          Translated abstract

          Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de um estudo seccional conduzido em 2005 que visou investigar o perfil epidemiológico das parasitoses intestinais entre os índios Suruí, localizados em Rondôna, Amazônia brasileira. Um total de 519 amostras fecais foi examinado pelas técnicas de flutuação com sulfato de zinco e sedimentação com formol-éter. Amostras positivas para Entamoeba histolytica/E. díspar foram posteriormente testadas pelo método ELISA. Trinta e seis por cento dos indivíduos encontravam-se positivos para pelo menos uma espécie de helminto; 70,7% abrigavam pelo menos uma espécie de protozoário. O helminto mais freqüente foi Hymenolepis nana (29,5%). Nematódeos foram raros (ancilostomídeos= 3,3%; Strongyloides stercoralis= 0,2%). Capillaria sp. foi identificado em 5,2% das amostras e um caso de parasitismo por Dipylidium caninum foi observado. As prevalências de Giardia duodenalis e E. histolytica/E. dispar foram de 16,2% e 12,3%, respectivamente. Baseada no teste ELISA, a prevalência de infecção por E. histolytica foi de 3,2%. A prevalência total de infecção intestinal por nematódeos demonstrada neste estudo foi surpreendentemente baixa se comparada ao que tem sido geralmente reportado para outras populações indígenas da Amazônia brasileira. Argumenta-se que a baixa prevalência de helmintos entre os Suruí está em larga medida associada a esquemas de tratamento em massa com anti-helmínticos dispensados pelo serviço de saúde indígena. Os autores propõem que um programa especial destinado ao controle de parasitoses intestinais em comunidades indígenas deve ir além da distribuição de medicamentos. Preferencialmente, deve ser planejado em colaboração com a população alvo, considerando aspectos educacionais e visando a melhoria nas moradias e no sistema de esgoto e de fornecimento de água.

          Translated abstract

          Se reportan los resultados de un estudio transversal llevado a cabo en 2005 sobre la epidemiología del parasitismo intestinal en indios Suruí de la amazonia brasilera. Un total de 519 muestras de heces fueron examinadas por flotación en sulfato de zinc y sedimentación en etil-éter. Muestras positivas para Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar fueron testeadas por ELISA. Una o más especies de helmintos estuvieron presentes en 36% de los sujetos y 70,7% presentaron al menos una especie de protozoario. El helminto más frecuente fue Hymenolepis nana (29,5%). Los nematodos fueron escasos (anquilostomo= 3,3%; Strongyloides stercoralis= 0.2%). Se identificó Capillaria sp. en 5,2% de las muestras y se detectó un caso de parasitismo por Dipylidium caninum. Las prevalencias de Giardia duodenalis y E. histolytica/E. dispar fueron 16,2% y 12,3%, respectivamente. Según ELISA la prevalencia de infección por E. histolytica fue 3,2%. La prevalencia de infección por nematodos fue sorpresivamente baja en comparación con reportes frecuentes en otras poblaciones indígenas de la amazonia brasilera. Se argumenta que los cambios en la prevalencia de helmintiasis en los Suruí se asocian a tratamientos masivos con antihelmínticos llevados a cabo por el servicio de salud de indígenas, en ausencia de otras medidas. Se propone que un programa especial orientado a controlar el parasitismo intestinal en poblaciones indígenas debe desligarse de la distribución de medicación, sino ser diseñado en colaboración con los habitantes locales, abarcando educación, mejores viviendas y sistemas de drenaje y disposición de residuos, y suministro de agua segura a todos los pobladores.

          Related collections

          Most cited references68

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Book: not found

          Climatologia do Brasil

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            The role of health education and sanitation in the control of helminth infections.

            Health education and sanitation are two important components of primary health care system introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a basis for the prevention and control of communicable diseases. However, the roles of health education and sanitation in disease control have been controversial, especially in the wake of recent advances in safe and effective oral drugs. This article has reviewed the various health education and sanitation interventions around the world to determine what roles they have played in the past relative to other intervention strategies and the role they have to play in future control efforts. It appears clear-cut from the review, that while chemotherapy has been and will remain the best option for morbidity control, sanitation has an important role to play not only to sustain the benefits of chemotherapy but also to protect the uninfected. Health education that is effective, simple and low-cost remains the only tool for creating the enabling environment for both chemotherapy and sanitation to thrive.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Albendazole: a review of anthelmintic efficacy and safety in humans.

              A. Horton (1999)
              This comprehensive review briefly describes the history and pharmacology of albendazole as an anthelminthic drug and presents detailed summaries of the efficacy and safety of albendazole's use as an anthelminthic in humans. Cure rates and 0% egg reduction rates are presented from studies published through March 1998 both for the recommended single dose of 400 mg for hookworm (separately for Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale when possible), Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Enterobius vermicularis and, in separate tables, for doses other than a single dose of 400 mg. Overall cure rates are also presented separately for studies involving only children 2-15 years. Similar tables are also provided for the recommended dose of 400 mg per day for 3 days in Strongyloides stercoralis, Taenia spp. and Hymenolepis nana infections and separately for other dose regimens. The remarkable safety record involving more than several hundred million patient exposures over a 20 year period is also documented, both with data on adverse experiences occurring in clinical trials and with those in the published literature and/or spontaneously reported to the company. The incidence of side effects reported in the published literature is very low, with only gastrointestinal side effects occurring with an overall frequency of just >1% . Albendazole's unique broad-spectrum activity is exemplified in the overall cure rates calculated from studies employing the recommended doses for hookworm (78% in 68 studies: 92%, for A. duodenale in 23 studies and 75% for N. americanus in 30 studies), A. lumbricoides (95% in 64 studies), T. trichiura (48% in 57 studies), E. vermicularis (98% in 27 studies), S. stercoralis (62% in 19 studies), H. nana (68% in 11 studies), and Taenia spp. (85% in 7 studies). The facts that albendazole is safe and easy to administer, both in treatment of individuals and in treatment of whole communities where it has been given by paramedical and nonmedical personnel, have enabled its use to improve general community health, including the improved nutrition and development of children.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                inci
                Interciencia
                INCI
                ASOCIACIÓN INTERCIENCIA (Caracas )
                0378-1844
                April 2009
                : 34
                : 4
                : 259-264
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Brazil
                [2 ] Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal Fluminiense Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Federal Fluminiense Brazil
                [5 ] ENSP, FIOCRUZ and UNIRIO Brazil
                [6 ] Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Brazil
                Article
                S0378-18442009000400008
                6a2098cc-0b54-4b90-bbc7-6edaec7cacbb

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0378-1844&lng=en
                Categories
                ECOLOGY

                Ecology
                Amazonia,Epidemiology,Helminth Control,Intestinal Helminths,Intestinal Protozoa,South American Indians

                Comments

                Comment on this article