Control of fish parasites in aquaculture

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Abstract

This paper describes the results of parasitological monitoring of pond farms in the Krasnodar region. It was found that in the warm-water aquaculture of various systems, 25 species of fish parasites were invaded, and the fauna of parasites was determined. The obtained results are the basis for the analysis of the system of medical and preventive measures and actualize the development of new means and methods of treatment and prevention of diseases. It is established that the complex anthelmintic drug, according to the generally accepted classification of chemical compounds in accordance with the degree of danger, can be attributed to moderately hazardous compounds, and by cumulative properties - to the group of substances with weakly expressed cumulation. With repeated administration of the new drug to fish, there were no significant changes in the clinical status, some hematological and biochemical parameters, which is one of the necessary conditions for the possibility of using anthelmintic in clinical studies. As a result of a single therapeutic feeding with the use of a combined anthelmintic at a dose of 50 mg/kg, the 100% extensive and intensive efficiency of the deworming of carps invaded by Philometroides lusiana and Bothriocephalus acheilognathi was obtained.

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Aquaculture: global status and trends

John Bostock, Brendan J McAndrew, Randolph Richards … (2010)

Aquaculture contributed 43 per cent of aquatic animal food for human consumption in 2007 (e.g. fish, crustaceans and molluscs, but excluding mammals, reptiles and aquatic plants) and is expected to grow further to meet the future demand. It is very diverse and, contrary to many perceptions, dominated by shellfish and herbivorous and omnivorous pond fish either entirely or partly utilizing natural productivity. The rapid growth in the production of carnivorous species such as salmon, shrimp and catfish has been driven by globalizing trade and favourable economics of larger scale intensive farming. Most aquaculture systems rely on low/uncosted environmental goods and services, so a critical issue for the future is whether these are brought into company accounts and the consequent effects this would have on production economics. Failing that, increased competition for natural resources will force governments to allocate strategically or leave the market to determine their use depending on activities that can extract the highest value. Further uncertainties include the impact of climate change, future fisheries supplies (for competition and feed supply), practical limits in terms of scale and in the economics of integration and the development and acceptability of new bio-engineering technologies. In the medium term, increased output is likely to require expansion in new environments, further intensification and efficiency gains for more sustainable and cost-effective production. The trend towards enhanced intensive systems with key monocultures remains strong and, at least for the foreseeable future, will be a significant contributor to future supplies. Dependence on external feeds (including fish), water and energy are key issues. Some new species will enter production and policies that support the reduction of resource footprints and improve integration could lead to new developments as well as reversing decline in some more traditional systems.

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Fish-borne parasitic zoonoses: status and issues.

K. Murrell, Jong-Yil Chai, Alan J Lymbery (2005)

The fish-borne parasitic zoonoses have been limited for the most part to populations living in low- and middle-income countries, but the geographical limits and populations at risk are expanding because of growing international markets, improved transportation systems, and demographic changes such as population movements. While many in developed countries will recognize meat-borne zoonoses such as trichinellosis and cysticercosis, far fewer are acquainted with the fish-borne parasitic zoonoses which are mostly helminthic diseases caused by trematodes, cestodes and nematodes. Yet these zoonoses are responsible for large numbers of human infections around the world. The list of potential fish-borne parasitic zoonoses is quite large. However, in this review, emphasis has been placed on liver fluke diseases such as clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis and metorchiasis, as well as on intestinal trematodiasis (the heterophyids and echinostomes), anisakiasis (due to Anisakis simplex larvae), and diphyllobothriasis. The life cycles, distributions, epidemiology, clinical aspects, and, importantly, the research needed for improved risk assessments, clinical management and prevention and control of these important parasitic diseases are reviewed.

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Opisthorchis viverrini: the carcinogenic human liver fluke.

Natthawut Kaewpitoon, Prasit Pengsaa, Banchob Sripa … (2008)

Opisthorchiasis caused by Opisthorchis viverrini remains a major public health problem in many parts of Southeast Asia, including Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam and Cambodia. The infection is associated with a number of hepatobiliary diseases, including cholangitis, obstructive jaundice, hepatomegaly, cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Multi-factorial etiology of cholangiocarcinoma, mechanical damage, parasite secretions, and immunopathology may enhance cholangiocarcinogenesis. Moreover, both experimental and epidemiological evidences strongly implicate liver fluke infection as the major risk factor in cholangiocarcinoma, cancer of the bile ducts. The liver fluke infection is induced by eating raw or uncooked fish products that is the tradition and popular in the northeastern and northern region, particularly in rural areas, of Thailand. The health education programs to prevent and control opisthorchiasis are still required in the high-risk areas.