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      Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder with and without a Chronic Tic Disorder : A Comparison of Symptoms in 70 Patients

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          Abstract

          The phenomenological features of 35 obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) patients with a lifetime history of tics were compared to 35 age- and sex-matched OCD patients without tics. Seven categories of obsessions and nine categories of compulsions were determined using the symptom checklist of the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). Discriminant function analysis revealed that, compared to their counterparts without tics, OCD patients with tics had more touching, tapping, rubbing, blinking and staring rituals, and fewer cleaning rituals, but did not differ on obsessions. These preliminary findings suggest that the types of compulsions present may help to discriminate between two putative subgroups of OCD, i.e. those with and without tics.

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          Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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            The Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: the current status.

            The Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome is a movement disorder characterised by both motor and vocal (phonic) tics. It was once thought to be rare, and the literature until the 1970s consisted predominantly of case reports, both highlighting the fascinating clinical manifestations and speculating as to their aetiology. Many areas of GTS are under investigation, including the neurology, psychopathology, neurophysiology, biochemistry, and genetics. This review briefly considers early descriptions of GTS as well as current research, highlighting the areas of agreement and controversy.
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              The inheritance of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome and associated behaviors. Evidence for autosomal dominant transmission.

              We examined specific genetic hypotheses about the mode of transmission of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, by performing segregation analyses in 30 nuclear families identified through 27 index cases. Because data from earlier family studies had suggested that chronic tics and obsessive-compulsive disorder may be alternative phenotypic expressions of the diathesis of Tourette's syndrome, we used three diagnostic schemes to specify affected family members (Tourette's syndrome only; Tourette's syndrome or chronic tics; and Tourette's syndrome, chronic tics, or obsessive-compulsive disorder). The estimates of penetrance for the genotypes AA, Aa, and aa (A denotes the abnormal allele) in the analyses of subjects with Tourette's syndrome, chronic tics, or obsessive-compulsive disorder were 1.000, 1.000, and 0.002, respectively, for male subjects and 0.709, 0.709, and 0.000 for female subjects. These results predict that approximately 10 percent of all patients are phenocopies. We conclude that our analyses provide strong support for the hypothesis that obsessive-compulsive disorder is etiologically related to Tourette's syndrome and chronic tics in these families, and that Tourette's syndrome is inherited as a highly penetrant, sex-influenced, autosomal dominant trait.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                British Journal of Psychiatry
                Br J Psychiatry
                Royal College of Psychiatrists
                0007-1250
                1472-1465
                April 1994
                January 02 2018
                April 1994
                : 164
                : 4
                : 469-473
                Article
                10.1192/bjp.164.4.469
                6a48e6ef-bde2-423a-9954-76b4ed09025c
                © 1994

                https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms

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