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      Centering Africa as context and driver for Global Health Ethics: incompleteness, conviviality and the limits of Ubuntu

      Wellcome Open Research
      F1000 Research Ltd

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          Abstract

          Silences exist in global health ethics scholarship because of the particular caricatures of Africa that abound in the world, and these silences profoundly impact scholarship in this field. In this paper, I outline three such silences. The first concerns the consequences of representations of Africa as a place of theoretical scarcity, where the only theory seemingly worth mentioning is relational ontology. The second issue I highlight is the impact of dehumanization on global health and ethics. The third concerns the expectation that African science should serve the goal of development, which limits not only the scientific imagination but also the range of ethical questions that are engaged with. Finally, I turn to Francis Nyamnjoh’s theory of incompleteness and conviviality to propose a shift in bioethics scholarship towards increased focus on the interconnections, encounters and mutual dependency of people and places elsewhere. Incompleteness requires epistemic humility and a curiosity about the views and experiences of others; conviviality is the predisposition required to allow for meaningful exchanges and mutual learning in global health ethics. As a theoretical framework, incompleteness and conviviality are part of a rich African intellectual tradition to help articulate opportunities for a transformative research agenda that helps us understand our world, and its crises, better.

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          Most cited references28

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          Dehumanization: an integrative review.

          The concept of dehumanization lacks a systematic theoretical basis, and research that addresses it has yet to be integrated. Manifestations and theories of dehumanization are reviewed, and a new model is developed. Two forms of dehumanization are proposed, involving the denial to others of 2 distinct senses of humanness: characteristics that are uniquely human and those that constitute human nature. Denying uniquely human attributes to others represents them as animal-like, and denying human nature to others represents them as objects or automata. Cognitive underpinnings of the "animalistic" and "mechanistic" forms of dehumanization are proposed. An expanded sense of dehumanization emerges, in which the phenomenon is not unitary, is not restricted to the intergroup context, and does not occur only under conditions of conflict or extreme negative evaluation. Instead, dehumanization becomes an everyday social phenomenon, rooted in ordinary social-cognitive processes.
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            Suspending Damage: A Letter to Communities

            Eve Tuck (2009)
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              Africa in the world: a history of extraversion

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                Wellcome Open Research
                Wellcome Open Res
                F1000 Research Ltd
                2398-502X
                2024
                July 10 2024
                : 9
                : 371
                Article
                10.12688/wellcomeopenres.22508.1
                6a55fb82-2ac1-4bbe-8c33-1dfc9ba1c340
                © 2024

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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