Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 Amplifies Serotonin-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation

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Abstract

Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), which is synthesized by vascular cells, is a chemoattractant for monocytes and has been implicated in a wide range of acute and chronic inflammatory processes characterized by monocyte infiltration, including atherosclerosis. However, it is unclear whether MCP-1 is able to modulate vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. We assessed the effect of MCP-1 on VSMC proliferation and its interaction with serotonin (5-HT), a mitogen for VSMCs. Growth-arrested VSMCs were stimulated with different concentrations of MCP-1 (25–200 ng/ml) and 5-HT (5 and 50 µ M) in serum-free medium. DNA synthesis in VSMCs was measured by [<sup>3</sup>H]thymidine incorporation. 5-HT at concentrations of 5 and 50 µ M significantly stimulated DNA synthesis by 1.8- and 2.1-fold over the control value, respectively (p < 0.0001). However, MCP-1 at the concentrations tested did not have any significant effect on DNA synthesis. Even though MCP-1 (50 ng/ml) by itself is not mitogenic, when added to 5-HT, it significantly amplified the mitogenic effect of 5-HT compared with that of 5-HT alone (p < 0.0001). The 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor antagonist sarpogrelate (10 µ M) and its major metabolite M-1 (0.1 µ M), pertussis toxin (10 ng/ml), Src family protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor PP2 (1 µ M), protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Ro31-8220 (0.1 µ M) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase inhibitor PD098059 (10 µ M) significantly inhibited the mitogenic effect of 5-HT and its interaction with MCP-1. Anti-MCP-1 antibody (2 µg/ml) and the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor AG490 (10 µ M) significantly inhibited the interaction of MCP-1 with 5-HT. Further, the amplified mitogenic effect of 5-HT with MCP-1 was completely reversed by the combined use of sarpogrelate with anti-MCP-1 antibody. Our results suggest that MCP-1 amplifies the mitogenic effect of 5-HT on VSMCs. The mitogenic effect of 5-HT may be mediated by the G protein-Src family PTK-PKC-MAPK pathway. The activation of the JAK2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway by MCP-1 in addition to the MAPK pathway by 5-HT may explain the potentiating effect of MCP-1 on 5-HT-induced mitogenesis.

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Discovery of a Novel, Potent, and Src Family-selective Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor

Paul Changelian, Elora J. Weringer, Brian Pollok … (1996)

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Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-induced CCR2B receptor desensitization mediated by the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2.

F. Mayor, M Mellado, T. Martin … (1998)

Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) is a member of the chemokine cytokine family, whose physiological function is mediated by binding to the CCR2 and CCR4 receptors, which are members of the G protein-coupled receptor family. MCP-1 plays a critical role in both activation and migration of leukocytes. Rapid chemokine receptor desensitization is very likely essential for accurate chemotaxis. In this report, we show that MCP-1 binding to the CCR2 receptor in Mono Mac 1 cells promotes the rapid desensitization of MCP-1-induced calcium flux responses. This desensitization correlates with the Ser/Thr phosphorylation of the receptor and with the transient translocation of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2, also called beta-adrenergic kinase 1 or betaARK1) to the membrane. We also demonstrate that GRK2 and the uncoupling protein beta-arrestin associate with the receptor, forming a macromolecular complex shortly after MCP-1 binding. Calcium flux responses to MCP-1 in HEK293 cells expressing the CCR2B receptor were also markedly reduced upon cotransfection with GRK2 or the homologous kinase GRK3. Nevertheless, expression of the GRK2 dominant-negative mutant betaARK-K220R did not affect the initial calcium response, but favored receptor response to a subsequent challenge by agonists. The modulation of the CCR2B receptor by GRK2 suggests an important role for this kinase in the regulation of monocyte and lymphocyte response to chemokines.

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Tissue factor is induced by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human aortic smooth muscle and THP-1 cells.

I Charo, M Rossikhina, J. K. Fallon … (1997)

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a C-C chemokine thought to play a major role in recruiting monocytes to the atherosclerotic plaque. Tissue factor (TF), the initiator of coagulation, is found in the atherosclerotic plaque, macrophages, and human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC). The exposure of TF during plaque rupture likely induces acute thrombosis, leading to myocardial infarction and stroke. This report demonstrates that MCP-1 induces the accumulation of TF mRNA and protein in SMC and in THP-1 myelomonocytic leukemia cells. MCP-1 also induces TF activity on the surface of human SMC. The induction of TF by MCP-1 in SMC is inhibited by pertussis toxin, suggesting that the SMC MCP-1 receptor is coupled to a Gi-protein. Chelation of intracellular calcium and inhibition of protein kinase C block the induction of TF by MCP-1, suggesting that in SMC it is mediated by activation of phospholipase C. SMC bind MCP-1 with a Kd similar to that previously reported for macrophages. However, mRNA encoding the macrophage MCP-1 receptors, CCR2A and B, is not present in SMC, indicating that they possess a distinct MCP-1 receptor. These data suggest that in addition to being a chemoattractant, MCP-1 may have a procoagulant function and raise the possibility of an autocrine pathway in which MCP-1, secreted by SMC and macrophages, induces TF activity in these same cells.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): JVR

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Vasc Res

Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.1018-1172

Title: Journal of Vascular Research

Publisher: S. Karger AG

ISSN (Print): 1018-1172

ISSN (Electronic): 1423-0135

Publication date Subscription-year: 2001

Publication date (Print): August 2001

Publication date (Electronic): 11 July 2001

Volume: 38

Issue: 4

Pages: 341-349

Affiliations

^aDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, Houston, Tex., USA; ^bThird Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Article

Publisher ID: 51065 Other ID: J Vasc Res 2001;38:341–349

DOI: 10.1159/000051065

PubMed ID: 11455205

SO-VID: 6a77dba3-b2fc-4370-a8f7-fb761cea7f89

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Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 Amplifies Serotonin-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation

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Karger: Cardiovascular System

Most cited references 8

Discovery of a Novel, Potent, and Src Family-selective Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-induced CCR2B receptor desensitization mediated by the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2.

Tissue factor is induced by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human aortic smooth muscle and THP-1 cells.

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