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      The impact and effectiveness of new coronavirus vaccine on disease outcome worldwide

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading rapidly around the world caused serious respiratory disease leading to death, therefore vaccine is the effective way to control this pandemic. Scientists tried to produce safe and effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in record time and vaccination program started in December 2020. The aim of this study to determine the impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine on COVID-19 disease. Materials and methods: The COVID-19 cases data of post-vaccination and pre-vaccination were collected from Worldmeter website, and the percentage of vaccinated people data obtained from Statistics and Research Coronavirus Vaccinations. The statistical analyses performed with SPSS software version 16.0. Results: The results showed countries with higher percentage of full dose vaccinated people correlated strongly with decrease of death and the severity of the disease among their infected population. This study showed that different vaccine mechanism against SARS-CoV-2 virus of more than 23.5% of vaccination people with full dose vaccine is effective to decrease death and serious symptoms of COVID-19 disease and increasing the recovery rate. Conclusions: Different mechanism type of full dose vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is effective to decrease death and serious symptoms of COVID-19 disease with increasing recovery rate. It was difficult to assess the effect of single dose alone, therefore more studies are recommended to assess the effect of single dose vaccine with COVID-19 disease outcome and to determine if the vaccine will accelerate the period of recovery rate and reduce the infectious period time in each country.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción: El síndrome respiratorio agudo severo por coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) se está propagando rápidamente por todo el mundo provocando una enfermedad respiratoria grave que conduce a la muerte, por lo que la vacuna es la forma eficaz de controlar esta pandemia. Los científicos intentaron producir vacunas contra el SARS-CoV-2 seguras y efectivas en un tiempo récord y el programa de vacunación comenzó en diciembre de 2020. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el impacto de la vacuna contra el SARS-CoV-2 en la enfermedad COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: Los datos de casos de COVID-19 de posvacunación y prevacunación se recopilaron del sitio web de Worldmeter, y el porcentaje de datos de personas vacunadas obtenidos de Estadísticas e Investigación de Vacunas por Coronavirus. Los análisis estadísticos realizados con el software SPSS versión 16.0. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que los países con un mayor porcentaje de personas vacunadas con la dosis completa se correlacionaron fuertemente con la disminución de la muerte y la gravedad de la enfermedad entre su población infectada. Este estudio mostró que el mecanismo de vacunación diferente contra el virus SARS-CoV-2 de más del 23.5% de personas vacunadas con la vacuna de dosis completa es eficaz para disminuir la muerte y los síntomas graves de la enfermedad COVID-19 y aumentar la tasa de recuperación. Conclusiones: Diferentes tipos de mecanismos de vacuna de dosis completa contra el SARS-CoV-2 son efectivos para disminuir la muerte y los síntomas graves de la enfermedad COVID-19 con una tasa de recuperación creciente. Fue difícil evaluar el efecto de la dosis única sola, por lo que se recomiendan más estudios evaluar el efecto de la vacuna de dosis única con el resultado de la enfermedad COVID-19 y determinar si la vacuna acelerará el período de recuperación y reducirá el período de infección en cada país.

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          Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

          Summary Background A recent cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). We report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of these patients. Methods All patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were admitted to a designated hospital in Wuhan. We prospectively collected and analysed data on patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Data were obtained with standardised data collection forms shared by WHO and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium from electronic medical records. Researchers also directly communicated with patients or their families to ascertain epidemiological and symptom data. Outcomes were also compared between patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and those who had not. Findings By Jan 2, 2020, 41 admitted hospital patients had been identified as having laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Most of the infected patients were men (30 [73%] of 41); less than half had underlying diseases (13 [32%]), including diabetes (eight [20%]), hypertension (six [15%]), and cardiovascular disease (six [15%]). Median age was 49·0 years (IQR 41·0–58·0). 27 (66%) of 41 patients had been exposed to Huanan seafood market. One family cluster was found. Common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (40 [98%] of 41 patients), cough (31 [76%]), and myalgia or fatigue (18 [44%]); less common symptoms were sputum production (11 [28%] of 39), headache (three [8%] of 38), haemoptysis (two [5%] of 39), and diarrhoea (one [3%] of 38). Dyspnoea developed in 22 (55%) of 40 patients (median time from illness onset to dyspnoea 8·0 days [IQR 5·0–13·0]). 26 (63%) of 41 patients had lymphopenia. All 41 patients had pneumonia with abnormal findings on chest CT. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (12 [29%]), RNAaemia (six [15%]), acute cardiac injury (five [12%]) and secondary infection (four [10%]). 13 (32%) patients were admitted to an ICU and six (15%) died. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had higher plasma levels of IL2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNFα. Interpretation The 2019-nCoV infection caused clusters of severe respiratory illness similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and was associated with ICU admission and high mortality. Major gaps in our knowledge of the origin, epidemiology, duration of human transmission, and clinical spectrum of disease need fulfilment by future studies. Funding Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission.
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            Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2

            The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in an unprecedented public health crisis. There are currently no SARS-CoV-2-specific treatments or vaccines available due to the novelty of the virus. Hence, rapid development of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed. Here we developed a pilot-scale production of a purified inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine candidate (PiCoVacc), which induced SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies in mice, rats and non-human primates. These antibodies neutralized 10 representative SARS-CoV-2 strains, suggesting a possible broader neutralizing ability against SARS-CoV-2 strains. Three immunizations using two different doses (3 μg or 6 μg per dose) provided partial or complete protection in macaques against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, respectively, without observable antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. These data support clinical development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for humans.
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              Effects of COVID 19 pandemic in daily life

              Dear Editor, COVID-19 (Coronavirus) has affected day to day life and is slowing down the global economy. This pandemic has affected thousands of peoples, who are either sick or are being killed due to the spread of this disease. The most common symptoms of this viral infection are fever, cold, cough, bone pain and breathing problems, and ultimately leading to pneumonia. This, being a new viral disease affecting humans for the first time, vaccines are not yet available. Thus, the emphasis is on taking extensive precautions like extensive hygiene protocol (e.g., regularly washing of hands, avoidance of face to face interaction etc.), social distancing and wearing of masks etc. This virus is spreading exponentially region wise. Countries are banning gatherings of people to the spread and break the exponential curve 1 , 2 . Many countries are locking their population and enforcing strict quarantine to control the spread of the havoc of this highly communicable disease. COVID-19 has rapidly affected our day to day life, businesses, disrupted the world trade and movements. Identification of the disease at an early stage is vital to control the spread of the virus because it very rapidly spreads from person to person. Most of the countries have slowed down their manufacturing of the products 3 , 4 . The various industries and sectors are affected by the cause of this disease; these include the pharmaceuticals industry, solar power sector, tourism, Information and electronics industry. This virus creates significant knock-on effects on the daily life of citizens as well as about the global economy. Presently the impacts of COVID-19 in daily life are extensive and have far reaching consequences. These can be divided into various categories: A) Healthcare • Challenges in the diagnosis, quarantine and treatment of suspected or confirmed cases • High burden of the functioning of the existing medical system • Patients with other disease and health problems are getting neglected • Overload on doctors and other healthcare professionals, who are at a very high risk • Overloading of medical shops • Requirement for high protection • Disruption of medical supply chain B) Economic • Slowing of the manufacturing of essential goods • Disrupt the supply chain of products • Losses in national and international business • Poor cash flow in the market • Significant slowing down in the revenue growth C) Social • Service sector is not being able to provide their proper service • Cancellation or postponement of large-scale sports and tournaments • Avoiding the national and international travelling and cancellation of services • Disruption of celebration of cultural, religious and festive events • Undue stress among the population • Social distancing with our peers and family members • Closure of the hotels, restaurants and religious places • Closure of places for entertainment like movie and play theatres, sports clubs, gymnasiums, swimming pools etc. • Postponement of examinations This COVID-19 has affected the sources of supply and effects the global economy. There are restrictions of travelling from one country to another country. During travelling, numbers of cases are identified positive when tested, especially when they are taking international visits 5 . All governments, health organisations and other authorities are continuously focusing on identifying the cases affected by the COVID-19. Healthcare professional face lot of difficulties in maintaining the quality of healthcare in these days. Declaration of Competing Interest None
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ijm
                Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine
                Iberoam J Med
                Hospital San Pedro (Logroño, La Rioja, Spain )
                2695-5075
                2695-5075
                2021
                : 3
                : 4
                : 332-340
                Affiliations
                [2] Tripoli orgnameUniversity of Tripoli orgdiv1Faculty of Medical Technology Libia
                [1] Tripoli orgnameUniversity of Tripoli orgdiv1Faculty of Medicine Libia
                [3] Tripoli orgnameAlbarra Hospital Libia
                Article
                S2695-50752021000400007 S2695-5075(21)00300400007
                10.53986/ibjm.2021.0053
                6a852a78-a29a-41e7-a001-f01857bf1d8c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 October 2021
                : 01 September 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Article

                Vacuna completa,Inactivated virus vaccine,Vector vaccine,mRNA vaccine,SARS-CoV-2,COVID-19,Total vaccine,Full vaccine,Vacuna de virus inactivado,Vacuna de vector,Vacuna de ARNm,Vacuna total

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