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      A review on noble-metal-free bifunctional heterogeneous catalysts for overall electrochemical water splitting

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          Abstract

          This review summarizes recent research progress and perspectives on noble-metal-free bifunctional heterogeneous electrocatalysts towards hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions in overall water splitting.

          Abstract

          Production of hydrogen by water splitting is an appealing solution for sustainable energy storage. Development of bifunctional catalysts that are active for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a key factor in enhancing electrochemical water splitting activity and simplifying the overall system design. Here, recent developments in HER–OER bifunctional catalysts are reviewed. Several main types of bifunctional water splitting catalysts such as cobalt-, nickel- and iron-based materials are discussed in detail. Particular attention is paid to their synthesis, bifunctional catalytic activity and stability, and strategies for activity enhancement. The current challenges faced are also concluded and future perspectives towards bifunctional water splitting electrocatalysts are proposed.

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          Most cited references67

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          Water photolysis at 12.3% efficiency via perovskite photovoltaics and Earth-abundant catalysts.

          Although sunlight-driven water splitting is a promising route to sustainable hydrogen fuel production, widespread implementation is hampered by the expense of the necessary photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical apparatus. Here, we describe a highly efficient and low-cost water-splitting cell combining a state-of-the-art solution-processed perovskite tandem solar cell and a bifunctional Earth-abundant catalyst. The catalyst electrode, a NiFe layered double hydroxide, exhibits high activity toward both the oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions in alkaline electrolyte. The combination of the two yields a water-splitting photocurrent density of around 10 milliamperes per square centimeter, corresponding to a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 12.3%. Currently, the perovskite instability limits the cell lifetime.
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            An advanced Ni-Fe layered double hydroxide electrocatalyst for water oxidation.

            Highly active, durable, and cost-effective electrocatalysts for water oxidation to evolve oxygen gas hold a key to a range of renewable energy solutions, including water-splitting and rechargeable metal-air batteries. Here, we report the synthesis of ultrathin nickel-iron layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) nanoplates on mildly oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Incorporation of Fe into the nickel hydroxide induced the formation of NiFe-LDH. The crystalline NiFe-LDH phase in nanoplate form is found to be highly active for oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline solutions. For NiFe-LDH grown on a network of CNTs, the resulting NiFe-LDH/CNT complex exhibits higher electrocatalytic activity and stability for oxygen evolution than commercial precious metal Ir catalysts.
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              Recent Progress in Cobalt-Based Heterogeneous Catalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting

              Water electrolysis is considered as the most promising technology for hydrogen production. Much research has been devoted to developing efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen production via the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen production via the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The optimum electrocatalysts can drive down the energy costs needed for water splitting via lowering the overpotential. A number of cobalt (Co)-based materials have been developed over past years as non-noble-metal heterogeneous electrocatalysts for HER and OER. Recent progress in this field is summarized here, especially highlighting several important bifunctional catalysts. Various approaches to improve or optimize the electrocatalysts are introduced. Finally, the current existing challenges and the future working directions for enhancing the performance of Co-implicated electrocatalysts are proposed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                JMCAET
                Journal of Materials Chemistry A
                J. Mater. Chem. A
                Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                2050-7488
                2050-7496
                2016
                2016
                : 4
                : 45
                : 17587-17603
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Materials Science & Engineering
                [2 ]University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
                [3 ]Shanghai 200093
                [4 ]China
                [5 ]School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
                [6 ]School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
                [7 ]Huazhong University of Science and Technology
                [8 ]Wuhan 430074
                [9 ]Nanyang Technological University
                [10 ]639798 Singapore
                Article
                10.1039/C6TA08075H
                6a853ed7-8231-4cd9-8426-5678f5e4ccdf
                © 2016
                History

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