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      The Auxin-Regulated CrRLK1L Kinase ERULUS Controls Cell Wall Composition during Root Hair Tip Growth.

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          Abstract

          Root hairs facilitate a plant's ability to acquire soil anchorage and nutrients. Root hair growth is regulated by the plant hormone auxin and dependent on localized synthesis, secretion, and modification of the root hair tip cell wall. However, the exact cell wall regulators in root hairs controlled by auxin have yet to be determined. In this study, we describe the characterization of ERULUS (ERU), an auxin-induced Arabidopsis receptor-like kinase, whose expression is directly regulated by ARF7 and ARF19 transcription factors. ERU belongs to the Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE (CrRLK1L) subfamily of putative cell wall sensor proteins. Imaging of a fluorescent fusion protein revealed that ERU is localized to the apical root hair plasma membrane. ERU regulates cell wall composition in root hairs and modulates pectin dynamics through negative control of pectin methylesterase (PME) activity. Mutant eru (-/-) root hairs accumulate de-esterified homogalacturonan and exhibit aberrant pectin Ca2+-binding site oscillations and increased PME activity. Up to 80% of the eru root hair phenotype is rescued by pharmacological supplementation with a PME-inhibiting catechin extract. ERU transcription is altered in specific cell wall-related root hair mutants, suggesting that it is a target for feedback regulation. Loss of ERU alters the phosphorylation status of FERONIA and H+-ATPases 1/2, regulators of apoplastic pH. Furthermore, H+-ATPases 1/2 and ERU are differentially phosphorylated in response to auxin. We conclude that ERULUS is a key auxin-controlled regulator of cell wall composition and pectin dynamics during root hair tip growth.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Curr. Biol.
          Current biology : CB
          Elsevier BV
          1879-0445
          0960-9822
          Mar 05 2018
          : 28
          : 5
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
          [2 ] School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK.
          [3 ] Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
          [4 ] Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA/AgroParisTech, ERL3559 CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Route de St Cyr, 78026 Versailles, France.
          [5 ] Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
          [6 ] Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
          [7 ] Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Cell Systems Group, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Ghent, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
          [8 ] Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
          [9 ] Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Plant Biochemistry & Biotechnology Lab, Department of Agriculture, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Stavromenos PC 71410, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. Electronic address: kris.vissenberg@uantwerpen.be.
          Article
          S0960-9822(18)30083-6
          10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.050
          29478854
          6ae7e167-2f3d-46ae-bd0e-aeb1c818cffb
          History

          cell wall,auxin,FERONIA,CrRLK1L,Arabidopsis,AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR,tip growth,root hair,pectin

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