FRECUENCIA DE HEMATOZOARIOS EN BOVINOS DE UNA REGIÓN DEL CARIBE COLOMBIANO

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Abstract

Los hematozoarios han limitado la producción ganadera en regiones tropicales, cuyas características climáticas brindan nichos ecológicos, propicios para el desarrollo de artrópodos, que son vectores de varias especies de los géneros, como: Babesia, Anaplasma y Trypanosoma. Los hematozoarios producen pérdidas económicas directas e indirectas con implicaciones en el comercio. El objetivo fue determinar la frecuencia de hematozoarios en bovinos de una región del Caribe colombiano. Mediante un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal y con un muestreo por conveniencia, se seleccionaron doce fincas, en las que se tomaron muestras de sangre de 310 bovinos de diferentes edades, sexo y grupo racial, para el diagnóstico de hematozoarios por observación directa y determinación de algunos valores hemáticos. La mayor frecuencia de hematozoarios fue para anaplasmosis, con el 27,74%, seguido de babesiosis, con el 19,35% y tripanosomiasis, con el 2,26%, lo que indica que esta zona sigue siendo endémica, para los hematozoarios.

Translated abstract

The haematozoa have limited animal production in tropical regions, the climatic characteristics in tropical regions provide ecological niches for the development of arthropods which are vectors of several species of the genres as Babesia, Anaplasma and Trypanosoma. The haematozoa produce direct and indirect economic losses with implications on trade. The objective was to determine the frequency of haematozoa in cattle in the colombian Caribbean region. A descriptive cross-sectional study with a convenience sample, 12 farms were selected, where 310 blood samples from cattle of different ages, sex, racial group were taken, for the diagnosis of haematozoa by direct observation of extended blood and some hematology values. The highest frequency of haematozoa was for anaplasma sp. with 27.74%, followed by babesia sp. with 19.35% and trypanosoma sp. of 2.26%. It is indicating that this area is still endemic for haematozoa.

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Is Open Access

Invasive potential of cattle fever ticks in the southern United States

John Giles, A. Townsend Peterson, Joseph Busch … (2014)

Abstract' Background For >100 years cattle production in the southern United States has been threatened by cattle fever. It is caused by an invasive parasite-vector complex that includes the protozoan hemoparasites Babesia bovis and B. bigemina, which are transmitted among domestic cattle via Rhipicephalus tick vectors of the subgenus Boophilus. In 1906 an eradication effort was started and by 1943 Boophilus ticks had been confined to a narrow tick eradication quarantine area (TEQA) along the Texas-Mexico border. However, a dramatic increase in tick infestations in areas outside the TEQA over the last decade suggests these tick vectors may be poised to re-invade the southern United States. We investigated historical and potential future distributions of climatic habitats of cattle fever ticks to assess the potential for a range expansion. Methods We built robust spatial predictions of habitat suitability for the vector species Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and R. (B.) annulatus across the southern United States for three time periods: 1906, present day (2012), and 2050. We used analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) to identify persistent tick occurrences and analysis of bias in the climate proximate to these occurrences to identify key environmental parameters associated with the ecology of both species. We then used ecological niche modeling algorithms GARP and Maxent to construct models that related known occurrences of ticks in the TEQA during 2001–2011 with geospatial data layers that summarized important climate parameters at all three time periods. Results We identified persistent tick infestations and specific climate parameters that appear to be drivers of ecological niches of the two tick species. Spatial models projected onto climate data representative of climate in 1906 reproduced historical pre-eradication tick distributions. Present-day predictions, although constrained to areas near the TEQA, extrapolated well onto climate projections for 2050. Conclusions Our models indicate the potential for range expansion of climate suitable for survival of R. microplus and R. annulatus in the southern United States by mid-century, which increases the risk of reintroduction of these ticks and cattle tick fever into major cattle producing areas.