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      Influence of humor expression on suicidal ideation among adolescents: mediating effects of depressive emotion and positive emotion

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          Abstract

          Background

          The occurrence and degree of suicidal ideation during the past month in adolescents should be regarded seriously. Several studies have noted that humor expression style and depressive emotion may influence adolescents’ suicidal ideation. However, there is insufficient evidence concerning whether positive emotion reduces such suicidal ideation in adolescents. In addition, the relationships among humor expression, depressive emotion, positive emotion and suicidal ideation remain to be confirmed. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to test the mediating roles of depressive emotion and positive emotion in the relationship between humor expression and recent adolescent’s suicidal ideation.

          Methods

          A total of 1551 students in junior high school completed questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with LISREL 8.80 and Monte Carlo resampling with R.

          Results

          The results indicate that suicidal ideation in adolescents during the past month was related not only to humor expression but also to depressive emotion and positive emotion. The stronger the depressive emotion felt, the stronger the suicidal ideation; in contrast, the stronger the positive emotion, the weaker the suicidal ideation. Moreover, depressive emotion and positive emotion were found to mediate the relationship between humor expression and suicidal ideation; additionally, positive emotion was found to mediate the relationship between depressive emotion and suicidal ideation.

          Conclusion

          These results highlight that depressive emotion and positive emotion may mediate the influence of humor expression on suicidal ideation among adolescents, and positive emotion may mediate the influence of depressive emotion on suicidal ideation. More attention should be paid to decreasing adolescents’ self-deprecating humor expression and depressive emotion, whereas more witty response humor expression and positive emotion should be encouraged to prevent their suicidal ideation.

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          Most cited references37

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          Cognitive therapy for the prevention of suicide attempts: a randomized controlled trial.

          Suicide attempts constitute a major risk factor for completed suicide, yet few interventions specifically designed to prevent suicide attempts have been evaluated. To determine the effectiveness of a 10-session cognitive therapy intervention designed to prevent repeat suicide attempts in adults who recently attempted suicide. Randomized controlled trial of adults (N = 120) who attempted suicide and were evaluated at a hospital emergency department within 48 hours of the attempt. Potential participants (N = 350) were consecutively recruited from October 1999 to September 2002; 66 refused to participate and 164 were ineligible. Participants were followed up for 18 months. Cognitive therapy or enhanced usual care with tracking and referral services. Incidence of repeat suicide attempts and number of days until a repeat suicide attempt. Suicide ideation (dichotomized), hopelessness, and depression severity at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. From baseline to the 18-month assessment, 13 participants (24.1%) in the cognitive therapy group and 23 participants (41.6%) in the usual care group made at least 1 subsequent suicide attempt (asymptotic z score, 1.97; P = .049). Using the Kaplan-Meier method, the estimated 18-month reattempt-free probability in the cognitive therapy group was 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-0.85) and in the usual care group was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.44-0.70). Participants in the cognitive therapy group had a significantly lower reattempt rate (Wald chi2(1) = 3.9; P = .049) and were 50% less likely to reattempt suicide than participants in the usual care group (hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.26-0.997). The severity of self-reported depression was significantly lower for the cognitive therapy group than for the usual care group at 6 months (P= .02), 12 months (P = .009), and 18 months (P = .046). The cognitive therapy group reported significantly less hopelessness than the usual care group at 6 months (P = .045). There were no significant differences between groups based on rates of suicide ideation at any assessment point. Cognitive therapy was effective in preventing suicide attempts for adults who recently attempted suicide.
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            Sense of humor as a moderator of the relation between stressors and moods.

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              Rating scales to assess depression in school-aged children.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                leecy@xujc.com
                jyj@xmu.edu.cn
                1907027285@qq.com
                Journal
                BMC Psychiatry
                BMC Psychiatry
                BMC Psychiatry
                BioMed Central (London )
                1471-244X
                26 August 2020
                26 August 2020
                2020
                : 20
                : 421
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.12955.3a, ISNI 0000 0001 2264 7233, School of International Business, , Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College, ; Zhangzhou, China
                [2 ]GRID grid.12955.3a, ISNI 0000 0001 2264 7233, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, , Xiamen University, ; Xiamen, China
                [3 ]GRID grid.502241.0, Health Bureau, Taichung City Government, ; Taichung, China
                [4 ]GRID grid.411641.7, ISNI 0000 0004 0532 2041, Department of Public Health, , Chung Shan Medical University, ; Taichung, China
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9630-1956
                Article
                2814
                10.1186/s12888-020-02814-7
                7448489
                32842996
                6b333c65-40c0-4a41-b65c-b2355e4473c6
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                : 18 January 2020
                : 12 August 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003392, Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province;
                Award ID: 2018J01129
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Scientific Research Grant of Fujian Province of China
                Award ID: Z0230104
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Research Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                adolescents,humor expression,depressive emotion,positive emotion,suicidal ideation,mediating effects

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