For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
12
views
46
references
 Top references
cited by
21
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      376
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      Plasma Renin Activity and Aldosterone Concentrations in Hypertensive Cats with and without Azotemia and in Response to Treatment with Amlodipine Besylate

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          Role of renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system ( RAAS) in feline systemic hypertension is poorly understood.

          Objectives

          Examine plasma renin activity ( PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentrations ( PAC) in normotensive and hypertensive cats with variable renal function and in response to antihypertensive therapy.

          Animals

          One hundred and ninety‐six cats >9 years from first opinion practice.

          Methods

          PRA, PAC, and aldosterone‐to‐renin ratio ( ARR) were evaluated in cats recruited prospectively and grouped according to systolic blood pressure ( SBP) and renal function (nonazotemic normotensive [Non‐Azo‐ NT], nonazotemic hypertensive [Non‐Azo‐ HT], azotemic normotensive [Azo‐ NT], azotemic hypertensive [Azo‐ HT]). Changes in PRA and PAC were evaluated with antihypertensive therapy (amlodipine besylate).

          Results

          Plasma renin activity (ng/mL/h; P = .0013), PAC (pg/mL; P < .001), and ARR ( P = 0.0062) differed significantly among groups. PRA (ng/mL/h) was significantly lower in hypertensive (Non‐Azo‐ HT; n = 25, median 0.22 [25th percentile 0.09, 75th percentile 0.39], Azo‐ HT; n = 44, 0.33 [0.15, 0.48]) compared with Non‐Azo‐ NT cats (n = 57, 0.52 [0.28, 1.02]). Azo‐ HT cats had significantly higher PAC (n = 22, 149.8 [103.1, 228.7]) than normotensive cats (Non‐Azo‐ NT; n = 26, 45.4 [19.6, 65.0], Azo‐ NT; n = 18, 84.1 [38.6, 137.8]). ARR was significantly higher in Azo‐ HT (n = 20, 503.8 [298.8, 1511]) than Azo‐ NT cats (n = 16, 97.8 [77.0, 496.4]). Significant increase in PRA was documented with antihypertensive therapy (pretreatment [n = 20] 0.32 [0.15–0.46], posttreatment 0.54 [0.28, 1.51]), but PAC did not change.

          Conclusions and Clinical Importance

          Hypertensive cats demonstrate significantly increased PAC with decreased PRA. PRA significantly increases with antihypertensive therapy. Additional work is required to determine the role of plasma aldosterone concentration in the pathogenesis of hypertension and whether this relates to autonomous production or activation of RAAS without demonstrable increase in PRA.

          Related collections

          Most cited references46

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Regulation of blood pressure and salt homeostasis by endothelin.

          Donald Kohan, Marcelo Rossi, Edward W. Inscho … (2010)
          Endothelin (ET) peptides and their receptors are intimately involved in the physiological control of systemic blood pressure and body Na homeostasis, exerting these effects through alterations in a host of circulating and local factors. Hormonal systems affected by ET include natriuretic peptides, aldosterone, catecholamines, and angiotensin. ET also directly regulates cardiac output, central and peripheral nervous system activity, renal Na and water excretion, systemic vascular resistance, and venous capacitance. ET regulation of these systems is often complex, sometimes involving opposing actions depending on which receptor isoform is activated, which cells are affected, and what other prevailing factors exist. A detailed understanding of this system is important; disordered regulation of the ET system is strongly associated with hypertension and dysregulated extracellular fluid volume homeostasis. In addition, ET receptor antagonists are being increasingly used for the treatment of a variety of diseases; while demonstrating benefit, these agents also have adverse effects on fluid retention that may substantially limit their clinical utility. This review provides a detailed analysis of how the ET system is involved in the control of blood pressure and Na homeostasis, focusing primarily on physiological regulation with some discussion of the role of the ET system in hypertension.
          Article 0 comments Cited 101 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found

            Role of the Intrarenal Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Chronic Kidney Disease

            Helmy M. Siragy, Robert Carey (2010)
            The existence of local or tissue-based renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems (RAAS) is well documented and has been implicated as a key player in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and renal diseases. The kidney contains all elements of the RAAS, and intrarenal formation of angiotensin II not only controls glomerular hemodynamics and tubule sodium transport, but also activates a number of inflammatory and fibrotic pathways. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that the intrarenal RAAS is activated early in diabetic nephropathy, the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers decrease the rate of decline in kidney function in patients with diabetic and non-diabetic nephropathy, many patients still progress to end-stage renal disease or die from cardiovascular events. There is still a clear need for additional strategies to block the RAAS more effectively to reduce progression of CKD. The focus of this paper is to review the importance of the intrarenal RAAS in CKD and recent findings in renin-angiotensin biology pertinent to the kidney. We also discuss additional strategies to inhibit the RAAS more effectively and the potential impact of direct renin inhibition on the prevention and management of CKD.
            Article 0 comments Cited 91 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Drug effects on aldosterone/plasma renin activity ratio in primary aldosteronism.

              L Chiandussi, Fulvio Morello, Franco Rabbia … (2002)
              Primary aldosteronism is a specifically treatable and potentially curable form of secondary hypertension. The aldosterone/plasma renin activity ratio (ARR) is routinely used as a screening test. Antihypertensive therapy can interfere with the interpretation of this parameter, but a correct washout period can be potentially harmful. We have investigated the effects of therapy with atenolol, amlodipine, doxazosin, fosinopril, and irbesartan on the ARR in a group of 230 patients with suspected primary aldosteronism. The percent change from control of ARR in patients taking amlodipine was -17%+/-32; atenolol, 62%+/-82; doxazosin, -5%+/-26; fosinopril, -30%+/-24; and irbesartan, -43%+/-27. The ARR change induced by atenolol was significantly higher compared with that induced by all other drugs (P<0.0001), and the ARR change induced by irbesartan was significantly lower than that induced by doxazosin (P<0.0001). One of 55 patients from the group taking amlodipine (1.8%) and 4/17 of the patients taking irbesartan (23.5%) gave a false-negative ARR (<50). None of the patients of the groups taking fosinopril, doxazosin, and atenolol displayed a false-negative ARR. Doxazosin and fosinopril can be used in hypertensive patients who need to undergo aldosterone and PRA measurement for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism; amlodipine gave a very small percentage of false-negative diagnoses. beta-Blockers also do not interfere with the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism, but they can be responsible for an increased rate of false-positive ARRs. The high rate of false-negative diagnoses in patients undergoing irbesartan treatment requires confirmation in a higher number of patients.
              Article 0 comments Cited 70 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Vet Intern Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Vet. Intern. Med
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1111/(ISSN)1939-1676
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JVIM
                Title: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Print): 0891-6640
                ISSN (Electronic): 1939-1676
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 November 2013
                Publication date (Print): Jan-Feb 2014
                Volume: 28
                Issue: 1 ( doiID: 10.1111/jvim.2014.28.issue-1 )
                Pages: 144-153
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Clinical Sciences and ServicesRoyal Veterinary College Nr HatfieldUK
                [ 2 ] Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary College LondonUK
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Corresponding author: R.E. Jepson, Royal Veterinary College, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Hawskhead Lane, Nr Hatfield, London AL9 7TA, UK; e‐mail : rjepson@ 123456rvc.ac.uk
                Article
                Publisher ID: JVIM12240
                DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12240
                PMC ID: 4895535
                PubMed ID: 24428319
                SO-VID: 6b3f9d9d-7577-4106-ab3a-db9ee4ea483b
                Copyright © Copyright © 2013 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine
                History
                Date received : 23 April 2013
                Date revision received : 21 August 2013
                Date accepted : 23 September 2013
                Page count
                Pages: 10
                Funding
                Funded by: The Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition
                Funded by: Waltham‐on‐the‐Wolds
                Funded by: PetPlan Charitable Trust
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article
                Subject: Standard Articles
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                component-id jvim12240
                cover-date January/February 2014
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_NLMPMC version:4.8.9 mode:remove_FC converted:06.05.2016

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Veterinary medicine
                Keywords: blood pressure,cats,chronic kidney disease
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Veterinary medicine
                Keywords: blood pressure, cats, chronic kidney disease

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content376

                See all similar

                Cited by21

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors331

                See all reference authors