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      Hsp70 in cancer: back to the future

      research-article
      Author(s): ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Oncogene
      Keywords: BAG-3, cancer transformation and progression, senescence, proteotoxicity

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          Abstract

          Mechanistic studies from cell culture and animal models have revealed critical roles for the heat shock protein Hsp70 in cancer initiation and progression. Surprisingly, many effects of Hsp70 on cancer have not been related to its chaperone activity, but rather to its role(s) in regulating cell signaling. A major factor that directs Hsp70 signaling activity appears to be the co-chaperone Bag3. Here, we review these recent breakthroughs, and how these discoveries drive drug development efforts.

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          Effects of aneuploidy on cellular physiology and cell division in haploid yeast.

          Eduardo M Torres, Tanya Sokolsky, Cheryl M. Tucker … (2007)
          Aneuploidy is a condition frequently found in tumor cells, but its effect on cellular physiology is not known. We have characterized one aspect of aneuploidy: the gain of extra chromosomes. We created a collection of haploid yeast strains that each bear an extra copy of one or more of almost all of the yeast chromosomes. Their characterization revealed that aneuploid strains share a number of phenotypes, including defects in cell cycle progression, increased glucose uptake, and increased sensitivity to conditions interfering with protein synthesis and protein folding. These phenotypes were observed only in strains carrying additional yeast genes, which indicates that they reflect the consequences of additional protein production as well as the resulting imbalances in cellular protein composition. We conclude that aneuploidy causes not only a proliferative disadvantage but also a set of phenotypes that is independent of the identity of the individual extra chromosomes.
          Article 0 comments Cited 354 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Heat shock proteins in cancer: chaperones of tumorigenesis.

            Stuart K. Calderwood, Md Khaleque, Douglas B. Sawyer … (2006)
            The heat shock proteins (HSPs) induced by cell stress are expressed at high levels in a wide range of tumors and are closely associated with a poor prognosis and resistance to therapy. The increased transcription of HSPs in tumor cells is due to loss of p53 function and to higher expression of the proto-oncogenes HER2 and c-Myc, and is crucial to tumorigenesis. The HSP family members play overlapping, essential roles in tumor growth both by promoting autonomous cell proliferation and by inhibiting death pathways. The HSPs have thus become targets for rational anti-cancer drug design: HSP90 inhibitors are currently showing much promise in clinical trials, whereas the increased expression of HSPs in tumors is forming the basis of chaperone-based immunotherapy.
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              Aneuploidy confers quantitative proteome changes and phenotypic variation in budding yeast

              Norman Pavelka, Giulia Rancati, Jin Zhu … (2010)
              Aneuploidy, referring here to genome contents characterized by abnormal numbers of chromosomes, has been associated with developmental defects, cancer, and adaptive evolution in experimental organisms1–9. However, it remains unresolved how aneuploidy impacts gene expression and whether aneuploidy could directly bring phenotypic variation and improved fitness over that of euploid counterparts. In this work, we designed a novel scheme to generate, through random meiotic segregation, 38 stable and fully isogenic aneuploid yeast strains with distinct karyotypes and genome contents between 1N and 3N without involving any genetic selection. Through phenotypic profiling under various growth conditions or in the presence of a panel of chemotherapeutic or antifungal drugs, we found that aneuploid strains exhibited diverse growth phenotypes, and some aneuploid strains grew better than euploid control strains under conditions suboptimal for the latter. Using quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we show that the levels of protein expression largely scale with chromosome copy numbers, following the same trend observed for the transcriptome. These results provide strong evidence that aneuploidy directly impacts gene expression at both the transcriptome and proteome levels and can generate significant phenotypic variation that could bring about fitness gains under diverse conditions. Our findings suggest that the fitness ranking between euploid and aneuploid cells is context- and karyotype-dependent, providing the basis for the notion that aneuploidy can directly underlie phenotypic evolution and cellular adaptation.
              Article 0 comments Cited 243 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Michael Y. Sherman
                Vladimir L. Gabai
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-journal-id): 8711562
                Journal ID (pubmed-jr-id): 6325
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Oncogene
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Oncogene
                Title: Oncogene
                ISSN (Print): 0950-9232
                ISSN (Electronic): 1476-5594
                Publication date Nihms-submitted: 23 September 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 27 October 2014
                Publication date (Print): 6 August 2015
                Publication date PMC-release: 06 February 2016
                Volume: 34
                Issue: 32
                Pages: 4153-4161
                Affiliations
                Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, Tel 617-638-5971, Fax 617-638-5339
                Article
                Manuscript ID: NIHMS630502
                DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.349
                PMC ID: 4411196
                PubMed ID: 25347739
                SO-VID: 6b4aaefa-ca27-43f9-8873-0ab44c314197
                License:

                Users may view, print, copy, and download text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use: http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms

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                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: bag-3,cancer transformation and progression,senescence,proteotoxicity
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: bag-3, cancer transformation and progression, senescence, proteotoxicity

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