We report the first record of Sterna dougallii Montagu, 1813 on the southeastern Brazilian coast. During monthly bird surveys in the northern Rio de Janeiro State, on January 2012 we recovered a tern banded in Massachusetts, USA. The present record stretches the S. dougallii southernmost geographic distribution in Brazil (Bahia state) by about 600 km. It is difficult to evaluate this species’ regional status due to the absence of continuous sampling efforts.