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      AUPOV morphological versus molecular markers for maize inbred lines variability determination

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          Abstract

          In maize (Zea mays L.) breeding programs, it is very important to define a genetic distance of inbred lines and to establish criteria and biometric methods for the satisfactory germplasm classification. A total of 29 inbred lines from Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje" (MRIZP) breeding program, Belgrade, Serbia, were used to compare similarities obtained by morphological (according to UPOV - Union Internationale pour la Protection des Obtentions Vegetales) and molecular (simple sequence repeats, SSR) markers. The aim was to assess discriminative power of applied markers in the separation of related lines, and to determine the possibility of their application in choosing parental lines for breeding programs. Application of different marker types resulted in adequate separation of inbreds into divergent groups, which facilitates the choice of parental lines. However, there were still many inconsistencies between the field and laboratory results. The quality of information from morphological markers was improved by the application of the appropriate descriptor, measurement scale and the biometric method. According to the correspondence analysis, increased number of SSR markers will enable more reliable results. Regression analysis of morphological visual assessment (MVG) and SSR similarity of individual inbreds pointed out that in some cases morphological, and in others molecular markers more accurately reflected known pedigree information of tested maize lines. In the early generations of maize inbred lines testing, we propose utilization of information resulting from morphological markers, according to UPOV descriptor. However, application of adequate number of molecular (SSR) markers has an economic justification on a smaller number of elite lines in the later generations of line testing.

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          Genetic structure and diversity among maize inbred lines as inferred from DNA microsatellites.

          Two hundred and sixty maize inbred lines, representative of the genetic diversity among essentially all public lines of importance to temperate breeding and many important tropical and subtropical lines, were assayed for polymorphism at 94 microsatellite loci. The 2039 alleles identified served as raw data for estimating genetic structure and diversity. A model-based clustering analysis placed the inbred lines in five clusters that correspond to major breeding groups plus a set of lines showing evidence of mixed origins. A "phylogenetic" tree was constructed to further assess the genetic structure of maize inbreds, showing good agreement with the pedigree information and the cluster analysis. Tropical and subtropical inbreds possess a greater number of alleles and greater gene diversity than their temperate counterparts. The temperate Stiff Stalk lines are on average the most divergent from all other inbred groups. Comparison of diversity in equivalent samples of inbreds and open-pollinated landraces revealed that maize inbreds capture <80% of the alleles in the landraces, suggesting that landraces can provide additional genetic diversity for maize breeding. The contributions of four different segments of the landrace gene pool to each inbred group's gene pool were estimated using a novel likelihood-based model. The estimates are largely consistent with known histories of the inbreds and indicate that tropical highland germplasm is poorly represented in maize inbreds. Core sets of inbreds that capture maximal allelic richness were defined. These or similar core sets can be used for a variety of genetic applications in maize.
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            Large scale molecular analysis of traditional European maize populations. Relationships with morphological variation.

            A representative sample of 130 European traditional maize populations was analysed for both their morphological and molecular variation. The morphological analysis of 19 variables revealed a significant variability. Correlation analysis allowed us to distinguish between traits affected by earliness (plant and ear height) and structural traits (plant architecture, grain structure). Two main morphological types could be distinguished. Molecular analyses were performed for 29 RFLP loci on DNA bulks. The number of alleles detected was high when compared to previous studies (9.59 alleles per locus). Genetic diversity was also high (0.55), with a strong differentiation between populations (GST value of 35.6%). A clear relationship between the genetic diversity of the populations and their agronomic performances was highlighted. Morphological and molecular distances showed a tendency towards a triangular relationship. We therefore considered a two-phase process to be the most efficient approach for the classification of genetic resources: firstly, a molecular study to define groups of genetically close populations, and secondly a morphological description of populations from each group. In our European collection, this approach allowed us to separate the populations from Northern and Southern Europe and to define six groups of genetically close populations, comparable to European races. This study opens new prospects concerning the molecular analysis of very large collections of genetic resources, hitherto limited by the necessity of individual analyses, and proposes a first molecular classification of European maize germplasm.
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              Classification of Peruvian highland maize races using plant traits

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                chiljar
                Chilean journal of agricultural research
                Chilean J. Agric. Res.
                Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA (Chillán, , Chile )
                0718-5839
                December 2016
                : 76
                : 4
                : 417-426
                Affiliations
                [02] Belgrade orgnameUniversity of Belgrade orgdiv1Faculty of Economics Serbia
                [01] Belgrade orgnameMaize Research Institute Serbia anikolic@ 123456mrizp.rs
                Article
                S0718-58392016000400004
                10.4067/S0718-58392016000400004
                6b6c5cd1-9e41-476a-9daf-ec46483fdf5b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 August 2016
                : 15 March 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                Maize breeding,genetic relationships,SSR,UPOV descriptor,Zea mays

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