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      New advances in coenzyme Q biosynthesis

      Protoplasma
      Springer Nature

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          Biosynthesis of isoprenoids in higher plant chloroplasts proceeds via a mevalonate-independent pathway.

          Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the biological C5 precursor of isoprenoids. By labeling experiments using [1-(13)C]glucose, higher plants were shown to possess two distinct biosynthetic routes for IPP biosynthesis: while the cytoplasmic sterols were formed via the acetate/mevalonate pathway, the chloroplast-bound isoprenoids (beta-carotene, lutein, prenyl chains of chlorophylls and plastoquinone-9) were synthesized via a novel IPP biosynthesis pathway (glyceraldehyde phosphate/pyruvate pathway) which was first found in eubacteria and a green alga. The dichotomy in isoprenoid biosynthesis in higher plants allows a reasonable interpretation of previous odd and inconclusive results concerning the biosynthesis of chloroplast isoprenoids, which so far had mainly been interpreted in the frame of models using compartmentation of the mevalonate pathway.
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            Coenzyme Q10 administration increases brain mitochondrial concentrations and exerts neuroprotective effects.

            Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain as well as a potent free radical scavenger in lipid and mitochondrial membranes. Feeding with coenzyme Q10 increased cerebral cortex concentrations in 12- and 24-month-old rats. In 12-month-old rats administration of coenzyme Q10 resulted in significant increases in cerebral cortex mitochondrial concentrations of coenzyme Q10. Oral administration of coenzyme Q10 markedly attenuated striatal lesions produced by systemic administration of 3-nitropropionic acid and significantly increased life span in a transgenic mouse model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These results show that oral administration of coenzyme Q10 increases both brain and brain mitochondrial concentrations. They provide further evidence that coenzyme Q10 can exert neuroprotective effects that might be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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              Prediction of the occurrence of the ADP-binding βαβ-fold in proteins, using an amino acid sequence fingerprint

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Protoplasma
                Protoplasma
                Springer Nature
                0033-183X
                1615-6102
                September 2000
                September 2000
                : 213
                : 3-4
                : 134-147
                Article
                10.1007/BF01282151
                6ba5230e-5acc-474a-9312-fbb828374458
                © 2000
                History

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