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      Electrochemical Sensors Based on Organic Conjugated Polymers

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          Abstract

          Organic conjugated polymers (conducting polymers) have emerged as potential candidates for electrochemical sensors. Due to their straightforward preparation methods, unique properties, and stability in air, conducting polymers have been applied to energy storage, electrochemical devices, memory devices, chemical sensors, and electrocatalysts. Conducting polymers are also known to be compatible with biological molecules in a neutral aqueous solution. Thus, these are extensively used in the fabrication of accurate, fast, and inexpensive devices, such as biosensors and chemical sensors in the medical diagnostic laboratories. Conducting polymer-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors play an important role in the improvement of public health and environment because rapid detection, high sensitivity, small size, and specificity are achievable for environmental monitoring and clinical diagnostics. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in conducting polymer-based electrochemical sensors, which covers chemical sensors (potentiometric, voltammetric, amperometric) and biosensors (enzyme based biosensors, immunosensors, DNA sensors).

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          Most cited references213

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          Electrode systems for continuous monitoring in cardiovascular surgery.

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            Application of conducting polymers to biosensors.

            Recently, conducting polymers have attracted much interest in the development of biosensors. The electrically conducting polymers are known to possess numerous features, which allow them to act as excellent materials for immobilization of biomolecules and rapid electron transfer for the fabrication of efficient biosensors. In the present review an attempt has been made to describe the salient features of conducting polymers and their wide applications in health care, food industries, environmental monitoring etc.
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              Carbon nanotube/teflon composite electrochemical sensors and biosensors.

              The fabrication and attractive performance of carbon nanotube (CNT)/Teflon composite electrodes, based on the dispersion of CNT within a Teflon binder, are described. The resulting CNT/Teflon material brings new capabilities for electrochemical devices by combining the advantages of CNT and "bulk" composite electrodes. The electrocatalytic properties of CNT are not impaired by their association with the Teflon binder. The marked electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen peroxide and NADH permits effective low-potential amperometric biosensing of glucose and ethanol, respectively, in connection with the incorporation of glucose oxidase and alcohol dehydrogenase/NAD(+) within the three-dimensional CNT/Teflon matrix. The accelerated electron transfer is coupled with minimization of surface fouling and surface renewability. These advantages of CNT-based composite devices are illustrated from comparison to their graphite/Teflon counterparts. The influence of the CNT loading upon the amperometric and voltammetric data, as well as the electrode resistance, is examined. SEM images offer insights into the nature of the CNT/Teflon surface. The preparation of CNT/Teflon composites overcomes a major obstacle for creating CNT-based biosensing devices and expands the scope of CNT-based electrochemical devices.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sensors (Basel)
                Sensors (Basel)
                Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
                Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
                1424-8220
                January 2008
                09 January 2008
                : 8
                : 1
                : 118-141
                Affiliations
                Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovative Bio.Physio Sensor Technology, Pusan National University, Keumjeong-ku, Busan 609-735, South Korea. E-mails: marahman@ 123456pusan.ac.kr ; pankaj00797@ 123456rediffmail.com ; dsupark@ 123456pusan.ac.kr
                Author notes
                [* ] Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail; ybshim@ 123456pusan.ac.kr
                Article
                sensors-08-00118
                10.3390/s8010118
                3681146
                27879698
                6bd1635b-e5c6-40af-9146-a4e53acc2518
                © 2008 by MDPI

                Reproduction is permitted for noncommercial purposes.

                History
                : 29 October 2007
                : 04 January 2008
                Categories
                Review

                Biomedical engineering
                gas sensors,immunosensors,amperometry,electrochemical methods,chemical sensors,organic conjugated polymer,impedance,biosensors,dna sensors,potentiometry

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