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      Immunophenotypic characterization of acute leukemia at a public oncology reference center in Maranhão, northeastern Brazil Translated title: Caracterização imunofenotípica das leucemias agudas em um centro oncológico de referência público no Maranhão, Nordeste do Brasil

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          ABSTRACT

          CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES:

          The incidence of acute leukemia (AL) subtypes varies according to geographical distribution. The aim here was to determine the incidence of morphological and immunophenotypic AL subtypes in the state of Maranhão, Brazil, and to correlate the expression of aberrant phenotypes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with prognostic factors.

          DESIGN AND SETTING:

          Single prospective cohort study at a public oncology reference center in Maranhão.

          METHODS:

          Seventy AL cases were diagnosed between September 2008 and January 2010. For the diagnosis, complete blood cell counts, myelograms (at diagnosis and at the end of the induction phase), cytochemical analysis and immunophenotyping were performed.

          RESULTS:

          Among adult patients (n = 22), the incidence of AL types was: ALL (22.7%) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (77.3%). The subtype AML M0 occurred most frequently (29.4%). In children (n = 48), the types were: AML (18.7%), most frequently subtype AML M4 (33.4%); biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL) (4.2%); and ALL (77.1%), including the subtypes B-ALL (72.9%) and T-ALL (27.1%). Among the children with ALL, there were no statistically significant differences between patients with and without aberrant phenotypes, in relation to hematological parameters and treatment response.

          CONCLUSION:

          This work demonstrates that the frequencies of AML M0 cases among adults and T-ALL cases among children in Maranhão were high. This suggests that there may be differences in AML subtype incidence, as seen with ALL subtypes, in different regions of Brazil. No association was found between the expression of aberrant phenotypes and prognostic factors, in children with ALL.

          RESUMO

          CONTEXTO E OBJETIVOS:

          A incidência dos subtipos de leucemias agudas (LA) tem mostrado variações em relação à distribuição geográfica. Objetivou-se determinar a incidência dos subtipos morfológicos e imunofenotípicos de LA no estado do Maranhão, Brasil, e relacionar a expressão de fenótipos aberrantes em crianças com leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) com fatores prognósticos.

          TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL:

          Estudo de coorte único prospectivo em um centro oncológico de referência público no Maranhão.

          MÉTODOS:

          Diagnosticaram-se 70 casos de LA no período de setembro de 2008 a janeiro de 2010. No diagnóstico, realizaram-se hemogramas, mielogramas (no diagnóstico e ao final da fase de indução), citoquímica e imunofenotipagem.

          RESULTADOS:

          Nos pacientes adultos (n = 22), as incidências dos tipos de LA foram: LLA (22,7%) e leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA) (77,3%), sendo o subtipo LMA M0 mais frequente (29,4%). Em crianças (n = 48): LMA (18,7%), subtipo LMA M4 mais frequente (33,4%), leucemia bifenotípica aguda (BAL) (4,2%) e LLA (77,1%), sendo os subtipos LLA-B (72,9%) e LLA-T (27,1%). Na LLA, em crianças, não se encontrou diferença estatisticamente significante entre pacientes com e sem fenótipos aberrantes, em relação aos parâmetros hematológicos e resposta ao tratamento.

          CONCLUSÃO:

          Esta pesquisa demonstra elevada frequência de casos de LMA M0 em adultos, bem como das LLA-T em crianças no Maranhão, sugerindo que podem haver diferenças na incidência dos subtipos das LMA, assim como dos subtipos de LLA, em diferentes regiões do Brasil. Não foi encontrada associação entre a expressão de fenótipos aberrantes e fatores prognósticos em crianças com LLA.

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          Most cited references93

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Acute myeloid leukaemia.

          Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous clonal disorder of haemopoietic progenitor cells and the most common malignant myeloid disorder in adults. The median age at presentation for patients with AML is 70 years. In the past few years, research in molecular biology has been instrumental in deciphering the pathogenesis of the disease. Genetic defects are thought to be the most important factors in determining the response to chemotherapy and outcome. Whereas significant progress has been made in the treatment of younger adults, the prospects for elderly patients have remained dismal, with median survival times of only a few months. This difference is related to comorbidities associated with ageing and to disease biology. Current efforts in clinical research focus on the assessment of targeted therapies. Such new approaches will probably lead to an increase in the cure rate.
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            Proposals for the Classification of the Acute Leukaemias French-American-British (FAB) Co-operative Group

            A uniform system of classification and nomenclature of the acute leukaemias, at present lacking, should permit more accurate recording of the distribution of cases entered into clinical trials, and could provide a reference standard when newly developed cell-surface markers believed to characterize specific cell types are applied to cases of acute leukaemia. Proposals based on conventional morphological and cytochemical methods are offered following the study of peripheral blood and bone-marrow films from some 200 cases of acute leukaemia by a group of seven French, American and British haematologists. The slides were examined first independently, and then by the group working together. Two groups of acute leukaemia, 'lymphoblastic' and myeloid are further subdivided into three and six groups. Dysmyelopoietic syndromes that may be confused with acute myeloid leukaemia are also considered. Photomicrographs of each of the named conditions are presented.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sao Paulo Med J
                Sao Paulo Med J
                Sao Paulo Med J
                São Paulo Medical Journal
                Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM
                1516-3180
                1806-9460
                01 December 2011
                2011
                : 129
                : 6
                : 392-401
                Affiliations
                [I ] originalMSc. Pharmacist in the Masters’ degree program on Mother and Child Health, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), and Clinical Research Center, University Hospital, UFMA, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
                [II ] originalPhD. Professor, Department of Public Health, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
                [III ] originalMD. Pediatric Oncologist, Instituto Maranhense de Oncologia Aldenora Bello (IMOAB), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
                [IV ] originalMSc. Pediatric Oncologist, Instituto Maranhense de Oncologia Aldenora Bello (IMOAB), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
                [V ] originalPhD. Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), and Pharmacist, Clinical Research Center, University Hospital, UFMA, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
                Author notes
                [Address for correspondence: ] Elda Pereira Noronha. Raimundo Antonio Gomes Oliveira. Centro de Pesquisa Clínica do Maranhão - Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (HUUFMA). Rua Almirante Tamandaré, 1. Centro — São Luís (MA) — Brasil. CEP 65020-600. Tel. (+55 98) 2109-1294. E-mail: eldanoronha@yahoo.com.br. E-mail: ragomesoliveira@ 123456gmail.com

                Conflict of interest: None

                Article
                10.1590/S1516-31802011000600005
                10868919
                22249795
                6c5f010a-e09d-494b-b5ad-599573284985

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons license.

                History
                : 22 November 2010
                : 19 April 2011
                : 03 May 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 8, Equations: 0, References: 45, Pages: 10
                Categories
                Original Article

                precursor cell lymphoblastic leukemia-lymphoma,leukemia, myeloid, acute,prevalence,immunophenotyping,prognosis,leucemia-linfoma linfoblástico de células precursoras,leucemia mielóide aguda,prevalência,imunofenotipagem,prognóstico

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