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      Activity of Cuban Plants Extracts against Leishmania amazonensis

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          Abstract

          Natural products have long been providing important drug leads for infectious diseases. Leishmaniasis is a major health problem worldwide that affects millions of people especially in the developing nations. There is no immunoprophylaxis (vaccination) available for Leishmania infections, and conventional treatments are unsatisfactory; therefore, antileishmanial drugs are urgently needed. In this work, 48 alcoholic extracts from 46 Cuban plants were evaluated by an in vitro bioassay against Leishmania amazonensis. Furthermore, their toxicity was assayed against murine macrophage. The three most potent extracts against the amastigote stage of Leishmania amazonensis were from Hura crepitans, Bambusa vulgaris, and Simarouba glauca.

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          Most cited references48

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          A review of natural products with antileishmanial activity.

          Infections caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania are a major worldwide health problem, with high endemicity in developing countries. The incidence of the disease has increased since the emergence of AIDS. In the absence of a vaccine, there is an urgent need for effective drugs to replace/supplement those in current use. The plant kingdom is undoubtedly valuable as a source of new medicinal agents. The present work constitutes a review of the literature on plant extracts and chemically defined molecules of natural origin showing antileishmanial activity. The review refers to 101 plants, their families, and geographical distribution, the parts utilized, the type of extract and the organism tested. It also includes 288 compounds isolated from higher plants and microorganisms, classified into appropriate chemical groups. Some aspects of recent antileishmanial-activity-directed research on natural products are discussed.
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            Second-generation vaccines against leishmaniasis.

            Several species of Leishmania cause human diseases that range from self-healing cutaneous lesions to fatal visceral leishmaniasis, mucosal leishmaniasis and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. Drug resistance and toxicities associated with chemotherapy emphasize the need for a safe, effective vaccine. Studies of the immunopathogenesis and mechanisms of protective immunity define several features that should be met by an effective vaccine. The leishmaniases are unique among parasitic diseases because a single vaccine has the potential to protect against more than one species (disease) and be successful at both treating and preventing disease. In addition, several antigens have been identified and characterized that might be potential vaccine candidates. In this article, we focus on advances made with second-generation vaccines against leishmaniasis.
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              Plantas Medicinales, aromáticas, o venenosas de Cuba

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ISRN Pharmacol
                ISRN Pharmacol
                ISRN.PHARMACOLOGY
                ISRN Pharmacology
                International Scholarly Research Network
                2090-5165
                2090-5173
                2012
                15 March 2012
                : 2012
                : 104540
                Affiliations
                1Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kourí,” Apdo Postal No. 601, Havana 10400, Cuba
                2Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Havana 10400, Cuba
                3Department of Systematic, Institute of Ecology and Systematic, Havana 10400, Cuba
                Author notes
                *Marley García: marley@ 123456ipk.sld.cu

                Academic Editors: S. Tokuyama and T. B. Vree

                Article
                10.5402/2012/104540
                3316957
                22530133
                6c6c5b31-2458-453f-bf59-cd8eb79c7fea
                Copyright © 2012 Marley García et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 14 November 2011
                : 4 January 2012
                Categories
                Research Article

                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine

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