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      GEPIA: a web server for cancer and normal gene expression profiling and interactive analyses

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          Abstract

          Tremendous amount of RNA sequencing data have been produced by large consortium projects such as TCGA and GTEx, creating new opportunities for data mining and deeper understanding of gene functions. While certain existing web servers are valuable and widely used, many expression analysis functions needed by experimental biologists are still not adequately addressed by these tools. We introduce GEPIA (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis), a web-based tool to deliver fast and customizable functionalities based on TCGA and GTEx data. GEPIA provides key interactive and customizable functions including differential expression analysis, profiling plotting, correlation analysis, patient survival analysis, similar gene detection and dimensionality reduction analysis. The comprehensive expression analyses with simple clicking through GEPIA greatly facilitate data mining in wide research areas, scientific discussion and the therapeutic discovery process. GEPIA fills in the gap between cancer genomics big data and the delivery of integrated information to end users, thus helping unleash the value of the current data resources. GEPIA is available at http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn/.

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          Regulatory T Cells Exhibit Distinct Features in Human Breast Cancer.

          Regulatory T (Treg) cells reside in lymphoid organs and barrier tissues where they control different types of inflammatory responses. Treg cells are also found in human cancers, and studies in animal models suggest that they contribute to cancer progression. However, properties of human intratumoral Treg cells and those present in corresponding normal tissue remain largely unknown. Here, we analyzed features of Treg cells in untreated human breast carcinomas, normal mammary gland, and peripheral blood. Tumor-resident Treg cells were potently suppressive and their gene-expression pattern resembled that of normal breast tissue, but not of activated peripheral blood Treg cells. Nevertheless, a number of cytokine and chemokine receptor genes, most notably CCR8, were upregulated in tumor-resident Treg cells in comparison to normal tissue-resident ones. Our studies suggest that targeting CCR8 for the depletion of tumor-resident Treg cells might represent a promising immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of breast cancer.
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            Revisiting global gene expression analysis.

            Gene expression analysis is a widely used and powerful method for investigating the transcriptional behavior of biological systems, for classifying cell states in disease, and for many other purposes. Recent studies indicate that common assumptions currently embedded in experimental and analytical practices can lead to misinterpretation of global gene expression data. We discuss these assumptions and describe solutions that should minimize erroneous interpretation of gene expression data from multiple analysis platforms. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              5-Hydroxymethylcytosine is associated with enhancers and gene bodies in human embryonic stem cells

              Background 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) was recently found to be abundantly present in certain cell types, including embryonic stem cells. There is growing evidence that TET proteins, which convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5hmC, play important biological roles. To further understand the function of 5hmC, an analysis of the genome-wide localization of this mark is required. Results Here, we have generated a genome-wide map of 5hmC in human embryonic stem cells by hmeDIP-seq, in which hydroxymethyl-DNA immunoprecipitation is followed by massively parallel sequencing. We found that 5hmC is enriched in enhancers as well as in gene bodies, suggesting a potential role for 5hmC in gene regulation. Consistent with localization of 5hmC at enhancers, 5hmC was significantly enriched in histone modifications associated with enhancers, such as H3K4me1 and H3K27ac. 5hmC was also enriched in other protein-DNA interaction sites, such as OCT4 and NANOG binding sites. Furthermore, we found that 5hmC regions tend to have an excess of G over C on one strand of DNA. Conclusions Our findings suggest that 5hmC may be targeted to certain genomic regions based both on gene expression and sequence composition.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nucleic Acids Res
                Nucleic Acids Res
                nar
                Nucleic Acids Research
                Oxford University Press
                0305-1048
                1362-4962
                03 July 2017
                12 April 2017
                12 April 2017
                : 45
                : Web Server issue
                : W98-W102
                Affiliations
                [1 ]BIOPIC, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
                [2 ]Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
                [3 ]School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
                [4 ]Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
                [5 ]Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
                Author notes
                [* ]To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 10 6276 8190; Fax: +86 10 6276 8190; Email: zemin@ 123456pku.edu.cn
                []These authors contributed equally to the paper as first authors.
                Article
                gkx247
                10.1093/nar/gkx247
                5570223
                28407145
                6ca0a2f2-8c21-4a16-aae6-c53d0a0a3a1f
                © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@ 123456oup.com

                History
                : 05 April 2017
                : 27 March 2017
                : 12 February 2017
                Page count
                Pages: 5
                Categories
                Web Server Issue

                Genetics
                Genetics

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