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      Efecto de genes candidatos sobre características reproductivas de hembras porcinas Translated title: Effect of Candidate Genes on Reproductive Traits of Sows

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          Abstract

          Se estudiaron genes candidatos para tamaño de la camada en 300 hembras porcinas Yorkshire-Landrace; ESR, PRLR, RBP4 y FUT1. Las hembras fueron agrupadas en dos niveles de producción (NP): nivel alto (NA) y nivel bajo (NB). Utilizando Ji cuadrado se analizaron las frecuencias génicas y genotípicas. Empleando análisis de varianza con un modelo de efectos mixtos, para lechones nacidos totales (LNT), nacidos vivos (LNV), peso de la camada al nacimiento (PNAC) y destete (PAJ21), lechones destetados (LD) y valor de cría de la progenie de la cerda (BVSP), se compararon las medias con contrastes ortogonales. Las hembras con alta productividad se asociaron con una mayor frecuencia del alelo B del gen ESR (P < 0,05). Las diferencias fueron de 0,4 LNV, 0,3 LD, 2,9 Kg de PAJ21 y 8,6 puntos de BVSP a favor del genotipo AB del gen ESR (P < 0,05) sin considerar el NP, no se detectaron animales homocigotos BB. Las frecuencias génicas y genotípicas del gen PRLR no se relacionaron con el NP (P > 0,05), no hubo diferencias (P > 0,05) entre los genotipos AA, AB y BB sin considerar el NP ni dentro del mismo NP. En el gen RBP4 la frecuencia del alelo A y del genotipo AA fue más alta en hembras con NA (P < 0,05), no se detectaron animales con genotipo BB. Las hembras con genotipos AA tuvieron más 0,5 LNT; 0,5 LNV; 0,6 Kg de PNAC; 2,6 Kg de PAJ21 y 3,2 puntos de BVSP que el genotipo AB (P < 0,05), sin considerar el NP. La frecuencia del alelo G y del genotipo GG del gen FUT1 fue mayor en el nivel de productividad alto (P < 0,05). El genotipo GG fue superior al genotipo AG con más 0,6 LNV; 0,8 Kg de PNAC; 3 Kg de PAJ21 y 3,9 puntos de BVSP (P < 0,05) sin considerar el NP

          Translated abstract

          Candidate genes were studied for litter size in 300 sows Yorkshire-Landrace; ESR, PRLR, RBP4 y FUT1. The sows were grouped in two levels of production (LP): high level (HL) and low level (LL). Using Chi-Square test the alleles and genotypic frequencies were analyzed. Employing analysis of variance with an mixed model effects for the total number born (TNB), number of piglets born alive (NBA), number of piglets alive at weaning (NW), total weight of piglets born (WTNB), total weight of piglets alive at weaning (WNW) and breeding value sow productivity (BVSP). The means were compared by orthogonal contrasts. The sows with high production were associated with a higher frequency of B allele of ESR gene (P < 0.05). The differences were of 0.04 NBA, 0.3 NW, 2.9 WNW kg and 8.6 BVSP points to favor of AB genotype of ESR gene (P < 0.05) without considering the LP and no homozygous BB animal was detected. The alleles and genotypic frequencies of PRLR gene were not related with the LP (P > 0.05), did not have differences (P > 0.05) between the genotypes AA, AB and BB without considering the LP, neither within of same LP. In the RBP4 gene the frequency of A allele and the AA genotype was higher in sows with HL (P < 0.05), no homozygous BB animals were detected. The sows with AA genotype had 0.5 TNB, 0.5 NBA, 0.6 WTNB kg, 2.6 WNW kg and 3.2 BVSP points more than sows with AB genotype (P < 0.05), without considering the LP. The frequency of G allele and GG genotype of FUT1 gene was higher in the HL (P < 0.05). The GG genotype was higher than AG genotype with 0.6 TNB, 0.8 WTNB kg, 3.0 WNW kg and 3.9 BVSP points more (P < 0.05), without considering the LP

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          Most cited references33

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          Molecular Evolutionary Genetic

          M Nei (1987)
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            The estrogen receptor locus is associated with a major gene influencing litter size in pigs.

            Identification of individual major genes affecting quantitative traits in livestock species has been limited to date. By using a candidate gene approach and a divergent breed cross involving the Chinese Meishan pig, we have shown that a specific allele of the estrogen receptor (ER) locus is associated with increased litter size. Female pigs from synthetic lines with a 50% Meishan background that were homozygous for this beneficial allele produced 2.3 more pigs in first parities and 1.5 more pigs averaged over all parities than females from the same synthetic lines and homozygous for the undesirable allele. This beneficial ER allele was also found in pigs with Large White breed ancestory. Analysis of females with Large White breed background showed an advantage for females homozygous for the beneficial allele as compared to females homozygous for the other allele of more than 1 total pig born. Analyses of growth performance test records detected no significant unfavorable associations of the beneficial allele with growth and developmental traits. Mapping of the ER gene demonstrated that the closest known genes or markers were 3 centimorgans from ER. To our knowledge, one of these, superoxide dismutase gene (SOD2), was mapped for the first time in the pig. Analysis of ER and these linked markers indicated that ER is the best predictor of litter size differences. Introgression of the beneficial allele into commercial pig breeding lines, in which the allele was not present, and marker-assisted selection for the beneficial allele in lines with Meishan and Large White background have begun.
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              Estimation of effects of single genes on quantitative traits.

              Studies involving the effects of single genes on quantitative traits may involve closed populations, selection may be practiced, and the quantitative trait of concern may also be influenced by background genes that are inherited in a polygenic manner. It is shown analytically that analysis of such data by ordinary least squares, the usual method of analysis, can lead to finding an excess of spurious significant effects of single genes, when no effect exists, for both randomly and directionally selected populations and can lead to bias in estimates of single-gene effects when selection has been practiced. The bias depends on heritability of the polygenic effects on the trait, selection intensity, mode of inheritance, magnitude of gene effect, gene frequency, and data structure. It is argued that when genotypes of individuals can be identified for all individuals with observations on the trait, use of mixed-model procedures under an animal model treating single-gene effects as fixed effects can provide unbiased estimates of single-gene effects and exact tests of associated hypotheses for pedigreed populations, even when selection is practiced. Results are illustrated through computer simulation.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rc
                Revista Científica
                Rev. cient. (Maracaibo)
                UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA (Maracaibo )
                0798-2259
                December 2006
                : 16
                : 6
                : 648-654
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit México
                [2 ] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México
                [3 ] Colegio de Posgraduados México
                Article
                S0798-22592006000600012
                6cbc9874-f9bc-48fd-8312-f80c464ce4a2

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0798-2259&lng=en
                Categories
                ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                General veterinary medicine,General engineering
                Molecular markers,candidate genes,pigs,Marcadores moleculares,genes candidatos,cerdos

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