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      In vivo imaging of neuronal calcium during electrode implantation: Spatial and temporal mapping of damage and recovery

      , , ,
      Biomaterials
      Elsevier BV

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          Abstract

          <p class="first" id="P1">Implantable electrode devices enable long-term electrophysiological recordings for brain-machine interfaces and basic neuroscience research. Implantation of these devices, however, leads to neuronal damage and progressive neural degeneration that can lead to device failure. The present study uses <i>in vivo</i> two-photon microscopy to study the calcium activity and morphology of neurons before, during, and one month after electrode implantation to determine how implantation trauma injures neurons. We show that implantation leads to sustained, high calcium levels in neurons within 150 μm of the electrode interface. These neurons are morphologically distorted and mechanoporated after implantation, suggesting that calcium influx is related to mechanical trauma. Further, calcium-laden neurites develop signs of axonal injury at 1-3h post-insert. Over the first month after implantation, neuronal calcium activity increases, suggesting that neurons may be recovering. By defining the mechanisms of neuron damage after electrode implantation, our results suggest new directions for therapies to improve electrode longevity. </p><p id="P2"> <div class="figure-container so-text-align-c"> <img alt="" class="figure" src="/document_file/45272c07-ae7b-498d-8c09-466dea21fd4b/PubMedCentral/image/nihms969326u1.jpg"/> </div> </p>

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Biomaterials
          Biomaterials
          Elsevier BV
          01429612
          August 2018
          August 2018
          : 174
          : 79-94
          Article
          10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.043
          5987772
          29783119
          6ce207de-5252-4dc1-9e3c-384ce55cedb0
          © 2018

          https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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