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      Lipid accumulation patterns and role of different fatty acid types towards mitigating salinity fluctuations in Chlorella vulgaris

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          Abstract

          Mangrove-dwelling microalgae are well adapted to frequent encounters of salinity fluctuations across their various growth phases but are lesser studied. The current study explored the adaptive changes (in terms of biomass, oil content and fatty acid composition) of mangrove-isolated C. vulgaris UMT-M1 cultured under different salinity levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 ppt). The highest total oil content was recorded in cultures at 15 ppt salinity (63.5% of dry weight) with uncompromised biomass productivity, thus highlighting the ‘trigger-threshold’ for oil accumulation in C. vulgaris UMT-M1. Subsequently, C. vulgaris UMT-M1 was further assessed across different growth phases under 15 ppt. The various short, medium and long-chain fatty acids (particularly C20:0), coupled with a high level of C18:3n3 PUFA reported at early exponential phase represents their physiological importance during rapid cell growth. Accumulation of C18:1 and C18:2 at stationary growth phase across all salinities was seen as cells accumulating substrate for C18:3n3 should the cells anticipate a move from stationary phase into new growth phase. This study sheds some light on the possibility of ‘triggered’ oil accumulation with uninterrupted growth and the participation of various fatty acid types upon salinity mitigation in a mangrove-dwelling microalgae.

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          Short-chain fatty acids: microbial metabolites that alleviate stress-induced brain-gut axis alterations

          Chronic (psychosocial) stress changes gut microbiota composition, as well as inducing behavioural and physiological deficits. The microbial metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been implicated in gastrointestinal functional, (neuro)immune regulation and host metabolism, but their role in stress-induced behavioural and physiological alterations is poorly understood. Administration of SCFAs to mice undergoing psychosocial stress alleviates enduring alterations in anhedonia and heightened stress-responsiveness, as well as stress-induced increases in intestinal permeability. In contrast, chronic stress-induced alterations in body weight gain, faecal SCFAs and the gene expression of the SCFA receptors FFAR2 and FFAR3 remained unaffected by SCFA supplementation. These results present novel insights into mechanisms underpinning the influence of the gut microbiota on brain homeostasis, behaviour and host metabolism, informing the development of microbiota-targeted therapies for stress-related disorders.
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            Lipid production in Nannochloropsis gaditana is doubled by decreasing expression of a single transcriptional regulator

            Lipid production in the oleaginous microalga Nannocholoropsis gaditana is doubled by decreasing the expression of a transcriptional regulator identified through a CRISPR–Cas9 reverse-genetics approach.
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              Universal chlorophyll equations for estimating chlorophylls a, b, c, and d and total chlorophylls in natural assemblages of photosynthetic organisms using acetone, methanol, or ethanol solvents

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                cha_ts@umt.edu.my
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                11 January 2021
                11 January 2021
                2021
                : 11
                : 438
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.412255.5, ISNI 0000 0000 9284 9319, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, , Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, ; 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Malaysia
                [2 ]GRID grid.412255.5, ISNI 0000 0000 9284 9319, Satreps-Cosmos Laboratory, Central Laboratory Complex, , Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, ; 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Malaysia
                [3 ]GRID grid.412255.5, ISNI 0000 0000 9284 9319, Institute of Marine Biotechnology, , Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, ; 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Malaysia
                [4 ]GRID grid.26999.3d, ISNI 0000 0001 2151 536X, Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, , The University of Tokyo, ; 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
                Article
                79950
                10.1038/s41598-020-79950-3
                7801682
                33432049
                6ce4e729-8c6a-405c-a16d-3a2857717a78
                © The Author(s) 2021

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 11 August 2020
                : 15 December 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002241, Japan Science and Technology Agency;
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004532, Japan International Cooperation Agency;
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100009037, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development;
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003093, Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia;
                Award ID: VOT53222
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2021

                Uncategorized
                lipids,fatty acids,oils,biofuels,biodiesel,salt
                Uncategorized
                lipids, fatty acids, oils, biofuels, biodiesel, salt

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