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      The Structure of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale : A Cross-Cultural Meta-Analysis

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          Abstract

          Abstract. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1965) intends to measure a single dominant factor representing global self-esteem. However, several studies have identified some form of multidimensionality for the RSES. Therefore, we examined the factor structure of the RSES with a fixed-effects meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach including 113 independent samples ( N = 140,671). A confirmatory bifactor model with specific factors for positively and negatively worded items and a general self-esteem factor fitted best. However, the general factor captured most of the explained common variance in the RSES, whereas the specific factors accounted for less than 15%. The general factor loadings were invariant across samples from the United States and other highly individualistic countries, but lower for less individualistic countries. Thus, although the RSES essentially represents a unidimensional scale, cross-cultural comparisons might not be justified because the cultural background of the respondents affects the interpretation of the items.

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              Psychological Review, 98(2), 224-253
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                zfp
                Zeitschrift für Psychologie
                Hogrefe Publishing
                2190-8370
                2151-2604
                February 2, 2018
                2018
                : 226
                : 1 , Topical Issue: Hotspots in Psychology 2018
                : 14-29
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories, Bamberg, Germany
                [ 2 ]Psychological Assessment, University of Kassel, Germany
                Author notes
                Timo Gnambs, Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories, Wilhelmsplatz 3, 96047 Bamberg, Germany, timo.gnambs@ 123456lifbi.de
                Article
                zfp_226_1_14
                10.1027/2151-2604/a000317
                6cf719d4-e8f1-44b6-bc38-4f2c6dbf6ac0
                Copyright @ 2018
                History
                : June 15, 2017
                : November 2, 2017
                : November 7, 2017
                Categories
                Review Article

                Psychology,General behavioral science
                meta-analysis,measurement invariance,wording effect,factor analysis,self-esteem

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