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      Factores sociodemográficos y ambientales asociados con la actividad física deportiva en la población urbana del Perú Translated title: Sociodemographic and environmental factors associated with sports physical activity in the urban population of Peru

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVOS: Determinar la frecuencia de la actividad deportiva en la población urbana del Perú e identificar los factores sociodemográficos, económicos y ambientales asociados con ella. MÉTODOS: Se utilizó la información recogida por la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares del segundo trimestre del año 1997, Perú (ENAHO 97-II), a cargo del Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática del Perú. ENAHO-97 se basó en un muestreo probabilístico, multietápico y estratificado de todo el territorio nacional urbano dividido en ocho regiones geográficas: Lima metropolitana, costa norte, costa centro, costa sur, sierra norte, sierra centro, sierra sur y selva. En total se visitaron 14 913 hogares y fueron entrevistadas 45 319 personas de 15 años o mayores. La información sobre la frecuencia de la práctica deportiva fue clasificada en diaria, interdiaria (en días alternos), semanal u ocasional. La actividad deportiva regular (ADR) se definió como la práctica de cualquier deporte con una frecuencia diaria o interdiaria. Además se examinaron las preferencias y obstáculos para la práctica deportiva. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los niveles de ADR según el sexo mediante la prueba de ji al cuadrado. Se analizaron los factores asociados con la ADR mediante regresión logística múltiple condicional y análisis de residuos, multicolinearidad e interacciones. El nivel de significación utilizado fue de 0,05. RESULTADOS: La práctica de deportes al menos una vez a la semana y de ADR fue mayor entre los hombres (44,5 y 12,8%, respectivamente) que ente las mujeres (32,4 y 10,5%). El grupo de edad en que hubo una mayor práctica de ADR fue el de 5055 años en los hombres (20%) y el de 4045 años en las mujeres (18%). Se encontró que en la zona de la selva, sierra centro y costa centro se practica más deporte (15,3, 12,8 y 12,1%, respectivamente), mientras que en Lima metropolitana y sierra sur se observan los valores más bajos (10,6 y 9,7%, respectivamente). El nivel de ingresos no mostró asociación con la práctica de ADR, aunque otras variables asociadas indirectamente con el nivel socioeconómico -como el mayor nivel educacional, tener empleo y tener acceso a Internet o a televisión por cable- y el consumo de información deportiva estuvieron significativa y directamente asociados con la práctica de ADR. Las barreras más frecuentes para la práctica del deporte fueron la falta de tiempo y de infraestructura y el desinterés de la población. La práctica de ADR por parte de los miembros de un hogar estuvo significativamente asociada con la presencia de un jefe de hogar que practicaba deportes activamente. CONCLUSIONES: La práctica de ADR en las zonas urbanas del Perú es escasa. Los más afectados son los menores de 30 años, las mujeres y los residentes del área metropolitana de la capital. Esta insuficiente práctica de ADR constituye un reto para la salud pública y reafirma la necesidad de promover estilos de vida activos. La influencia positiva observada cuando el jefe del hogar es un deportista activo y la mayor ADR encontrada en zonas urbanas fuera del área metropolitana de Lima deben ser objeto de estudios más profundos y deben tomarse en consideración para el diseño de intervenciones específicas.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency ofa sports physical activity in the urban population of Peru and to identify the sociodemographic, economic, and environmental factors associated with that activity. METHODS: This study utilized information collected by the country's National Household Survey (Encuesta Nacional de Hogares) in the second quarter of 1997. That Survey is overseen by Peru's National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática). The Survey was based on a probabilistic, multistage sample that was stratified for all the urban areas of the country, which was divided into eight geographic regions: metropolitan Lima, northern coast, central coast, southern coast, northern mountains, central mountains, southern mountains, and jungle. In total, 14 913 homes were visited and 45 319 people at least 15 years of age were interviewed. The frequency of engaging in sports physical activity was classified as daily, every other day, weekly, or occasional. "Regular sports activity" (RSA) was defined as engaging in sports either every day or every other day. The preferences for and obstacles to sports practice were also examined. A descriptive analysis of the levels of RSA was carried out for gender, using the chi-square test. The factors associated with RSA were analyzed through conditional multiple logistic regression and analysis of residuals, multicollinearity, and interactions. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Practicing sports at least once a week was more common among men (44.5%) than among women (32.4%), and the same was true for RSA (12.8% versus 10.5%). The age group with the highest level of RSA was 5055 years for men (20%), and 4045 years for women (18%). RSA was most common in three geographic regions: jungle (15.3%), central mountains (12.8%), and central coast (12.1%). RSA was least common in two regions: southern mountains (9.7%) and metropolitan Lima (10.6%). The income bracket was not associated with RSA. However, other variables associated indirectly with the socioeconomic level-such as having more formal education, being employed, and having access to the Internet or cable television-and consumption of sports information were significantly and directly associated with RSA. The most frequent barriers to practicing sports were the lack of time, the lack of nearby sports infrastructure (playing fields or courts, etc.), and people's lack of interest. RSA on the part of the members of a household was significantly associated with RSA performed by the head of the household (male or female). CONCLUSIONS: RSA is limited in the urban areas of Peru. This is most true for persons who are less than 30 years old, for women, and for residents of the Lima metropolitan area. This low RSA level is a challenge for public health, and it confirms the need for promoting active lifestyles. More study is needed on the observed positive influence when the head of the household performs RSA and on the fact that RSA is more common in urban areas outside metropolitan Lima. These two findings should also be taken into consideration in designing specific interventions.

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          The relative influence of individual, social and physical environment determinants of physical activity.

          Environmental determinants of health are receiving growing attention in the literature, although there is little empirical research in this area. The Study on Environmental and Individual Determinants of Physical Activity (known as the SEID project) was a social ecological project that examined the relative influence of individual, social environmental and physical environmental determinants of recreational physical activity. It involved a community survey of 1803 healthy workers and home-makers aged 18-59 years living in a 408 km2 area of metropolitan Perth, Western Australia. Physical environmental determinants were mainly conceptualised as spatial access to popular recreational facilities. Overall, 59% of respondents exercised as recommended. Recreational facilities located near home were used by more respondents than facilities located elsewhere. The most frequently used facilities were informal: the streets (45.6%); public open space (28.8%) and the beach (22.7%). The physical environment's directs the influence on exercising as recommended was found to be secondary to individual and social environmental determinants. Nevertheless, accessible facilities determined whether or not they were used and in this way, support and enhance the achievement of recommended levels of physical activity behaviour by providing opportunities. The results suggest that access to a supportive physical environment is necessary, but may be insufficient to increase recommended levels of physical activity in the community. Complementary strategies are required that aim to influence individual and social environmental factors. Given the popularity of walking in the community, it is recommended that greater emphasis be placed on creating streetscapes that enhance walking for recreation and transport.
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            Physical activity and health: a report of the Surgeon General

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              Physical activity and incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rpsp
                Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
                Rev Panam Salud Publica
                Organización Panamericana de la Salud (Washington, Washington, United States )
                1020-4989
                1680-5348
                October 2003
                : 14
                : 4
                : 255-264
                Affiliations
                [02] Washington D.C. orgnameOrganización Panamericana de la Salud orgdiv1Programa de Alimentos y Nutrición jacobyen@ 123456paho.org
                [01] orgnameOrganización Panamericana de la Salud orgdiv1Proyecto Desarrollo de Sistemas y Servicios de Salud
                Article
                S1020-49892003000900006 S1020-4989(03)01400406
                10.1590/s1020-49892003000900006
                6d1152b7-4e0a-4361-adff-84464659075e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 December 2002
                : 05 June 2003
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 10
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                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Artículos

                estilo de vida,deportes,Actividad física,Perú
                estilo de vida, deportes, Actividad física, Perú

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