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      Sobrepeso y obesidad en niños y adolescentes en México, actualización de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de Medio Camino 2016 Translated title: Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, 2016 Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey update

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          Abstract

          Resumen: Objetivo: Actualizar las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad (SP+O) y estudiar algunos determinantes asociados en población<20 años, de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de Medio Camino 2016 (Ensanut MC 2016). Material y métodos: La Ensanut MC 2016 es una encuesta nacional probabilística. Se estimó el puntaje Z del índice de masa corporal. Se clasificó el riesgo de sobrepeso, sobrepeso y obesidad de acuerdo con el patrón de referencia de la OMS. Se estudiaron variables sociodemográficas asociadas con sobrepeso mediante regresión logística. Resultados: La prevalencia nacional de SP+O en <5 años fue niñas 5.8%, niños 6.5%; escolares niñas 32.8%, niños 33.7%; adolescentes mujeres 39.2% y hombres 33.5%. Las mujeres adolescentes de localidades rurales mostraron un incremento de 2012 a 2016 de 9.5 puntos porcentuales. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de SP+O en niñas y mujeres en zonas rurales muestran un aumento importante en un periodo corto, lo que llama a implementar acciones de atención inmediatas.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: Objective: To estimate recent overweight and obesity prevalences in Mexican population under 20 years from Halfway National Health and Nutrition Survey (Ensanut MC 2016). Materials and methods: Ensanut MC 2016 is a probabilistic national survey which gives representative information from national, regional and rural/urban levels. BMIz was estimated through weight and height, then it was classified into overweight risk or overweight or obesity according to WHO growth reference standards. Association between overweight and sociodemographic information was analyzed through logistic regression models. Results: Overweight-obesity prevalence was 5.1% in girls and 6.5% in boys<5y, 32.8% in girls and 33.7% in boys 5-11y, and 39.2% in female adolescents and 33.5% in male adolescents. Female adolescents from rural localities increased overweight-obesity prevalence from 27.7% in 2012 to 37.2% in 2016. Conclusions: Overweight-obesity increased in girls and females, mainly from rural areas. Strategies focused in containing this phenomenon are encouraged to implement in this context.

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          Evidence that the prevalence of childhood overweight is plateauing: data from nine countries.

          Until quite recently, there has been a widespread belief in the popular media and scientific literature that the prevalence of childhood obesity is rapidly increasing. However, high quality evidence has emerged from several countries suggesting that the rise in the prevalence has slowed appreciably, or even plateaued. This review brings together such data from nine countries (Australia, China, England, France, Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland and USA), with data from 467,294 children aged 2-19 years. The mean unweighted rate of change in prevalence of overweight and obesity was +0.00 (0.49)% per year across all age ×sex groups and all countries between 1995 and 2008. For overweight alone, the figure was +0.01 (0.56)%, and for obesity alone -0.01 (0.24)%. Rates of change differed by sex, age, socioeconomic status and ethnicity. While the prevalence of overweight and obesity appears to be stabilizing at different levels in different countries, it remains high, and a significant public health issue. Possible reasons for the apparent flattening are hypothesised.
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            Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012: diseño y cobertura

            Objetivo. Describir el diseño y cobertura de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012 (ENSANUT 2012). Material y métodos. Se presenta el diseño de la ENSANUT 2012, una encuesta poblacional probabilística con esquema de muestreo polietápico y estratificado, las capacidades inferenciales de la muestra, los aspectos logísticos de la misma y la cobertura alcanzada en campo. Resultados. La tasa de repuesta para hogar de la ENSANUT 2012 fue de 87%, con un total de 50 528 hogares con entrevista completa efectiva. En estos hogares, se obtuvieron un total de 96 031 entrevistas individuales completas, más 14 104 entrevistas completas de usuarios ambulatorios de los servicios de salud. Conclusión. El diseño probabilístico de la ENSANUT 2012 y la cobertura alcanzada permiten realizar inferencias sobre condiciones de salud y nutrición, cobertura de programas y acceso de la población a los servicios de salud. Al tratarse de un diseño complejo, es necesario que las estimaciones que se realicen a partir de la ENSANUT 2012 consideren el diseño muestral de la encuesta: factores de ponderación, unidades primarias de muestro y variables de estratificación.
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              Mexico attempts to tackle obesity: the process, results, push backs and future challenges.

              Mexico's obesity prevalence is one of the world's highest. In 2006, academics, and federal and state government agencies initiated efforts to design a national policy for obesity prevention. The Ministry of Health (MOH) established an expert panel to develop recommendations on beverage intake for a healthy life in 2008. Subsequently, the MOH, with support from academia, initiated the development of the National Agreement for Healthy Nutrition (ANSA). ANSA was signed by all relevant sectoral actors in 2010 and led to initiatives banning sodas and regulating unhealthy food in schools and the design of other yet to be implemented initiatives, such as a front-of-package labeling system. A main challenge of the ANSA has been the lack of harmonization between industry interests and public health objectives and effective accountability and monitoring mechanisms to assess implementation across government sectors. Bold strategies currently under consideration include taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages, improvement of norms for healthy food in schools, regulation of food and beverage marketing to children and implementation of a national front-of-pack labeling system. Strong civil society organizations have embraced the prevention of obesity as their goal and have used evidence from academia to position obesity prevention in the public debate and in the government agenda. © 2013 The Authors. Obesity Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                spm
                Salud Pública de México
                Salud pública Méx
                Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico )
                0036-3634
                June 2018
                : 60
                : 3
                : 244-253
                Affiliations
                [1] Cuernavaca Morelos orgnameInstituto Nacional de Salud Pública orgdiv1Centro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas Mexico
                [2] Cuernavaca Morelos orgnameInstituto Nacional de Salud Pública Mexico
                Article
                S0036-36342018000300005
                10.21149/8815
                29746741
                6d4b2d15-1174-40df-aacc-35f1fb31ef81

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 May 2017
                : 16 February 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Public Health


                overweight,obesity,population surveys,adolescents,Mexico,sobrepeso,obesidad,encuestas poblacionales,adolescentes,México

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