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      Extracellular vesicles: biology and emerging therapeutic opportunities.

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          Abstract

          Within the past decade, extracellular vesicles have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication, being involved in the transmission of biological signals between cells in both prokaryotes and higher eukaryotes to regulate a diverse range of biological processes. In addition, pathophysiological roles for extracellular vesicles are beginning to be recognized in diseases including cancer, infectious diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting potential novel targets for therapeutic intervention. Moreover, both unmodified and engineered extracellular vesicles are likely to have applications in macromolecular drug delivery. Here, we review recent progress in understanding extracellular vesicle biology and the role of extracellular vesicles in disease, discuss emerging therapeutic opportunities and consider the associated challenges.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Nat Rev Drug Discov
          Nature reviews. Drug discovery
          Springer Science and Business Media LLC
          1474-1784
          1474-1776
          May 2013
          : 12
          : 5
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK.
          Article
          nrd3978
          10.1038/nrd3978
          23584393
          6d72f0df-9bc9-4aca-9207-9bbbd5c174cc
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