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      Accurate detection of low levels of fluorescence emission in autofluorescent background: francisella-infected macrophage cells.

      Microscopy and microanalysis : the official journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada
      Animals, Cell Line, Francisella tularensis, cytology, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, methods, Macrophages, microbiology, Mice, Microscopy, Confocal

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          Abstract

          Cellular autofluorescence, though ubiquitous when imaging cells and tissues, is often assumed to be small in comparison to the signal of interest. Uniform estimates of autofluorescence intensity obtained from separate control specimens are commonly employed to correct for autofluorescence. While these may be sufficient for high signal-to-background applications, improvements in detector and probe technologies and introduction of spectral imaging microscopes have increased the sensitivity of fluorescence imaging methods, exposing the possibility of effectively probing the low signal-to-background regime. With spectral imaging, reliable monitoring of signals near or even below the noise levels of the microscope is possible if compensation for autofluorescence and background signals can be performed accurately. We demonstrate the importance of accurate autofluorescence modeling and the utility of spectral imaging and multivariate analysis methods using a case study focusing on fluorescence confocal spectral imaging of host-pathogen interactions. In this application fluorescent proteins are produced when Francisella novicida invade host macrophage cells. The resulting analyte signal is spectrally overlapped and typically weaker than the cellular autofluorescence. In addition to discussing the advantages of spectral imaging for following pathogen invasion, we present the spectral properties and cellular origin of macrophage autofluorescence.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          20569528
          2944771
          10.1017/S1431927610000322

          Chemistry
          Animals,Cell Line,Francisella tularensis,cytology,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted,methods,Macrophages,microbiology,Mice,Microscopy, Confocal

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