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      New occurrence of B chromosomes in Partamona helleri (Friese, 1900) (Hymenoptera, Meliponini)

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          Abstract

          Cytogenetic analyses of the stingless bee Partamona helleri collected in the state of Bahia, Northeast Brazil revealed the chromosome numbers n = 18 in the haploid males and 2n = 35 in the diploid females. All karyotypes displayed one large acrocentric B chromosome, which differs from the minute B chromosomes previously described in the populations from southeastern Brazil. Giemsa staining, C-banding and DAPI/CMA 3 fluorochrome staining also revealed a remarkable interpopulational divergence regarding both the regular karyotype and the B chromosomes. The B chromosomes found in the samples from Jequié, Bahia, were entirely heterochromatic, while those found in Cravolândia, Bahia, displayed a euchromatic portion at the telomeric end of the long arm. CMA 3 labeling sites varied from seven to eight between the two localities in Bahia, due to the presence of an extra GC-rich block in the karyotype of the samples from Jequié. This is the first report of a large B chromosome in P. helleri and reveals the occurrence of a geographic differentiation within this species.

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          A simple technique for demonstrating centromeric heterochromatin.

          A.T. Sumner (1972)
          Article 0 comments Cited 254 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            B-chromosome evolution.

            Timothy Sharbel, Leo Beukeboom, Carlos Camacho (2000)
            B chromosomes are extra chromosomes to the standard complement that occur in many organisms. They can originate in a number of ways including derivation from autosomes and sex chromosomes in intra- and interspecies crosses. Their subsequent molecular evolution resembles that of univalent sex chromosomes, which involves gene silencing, heterochromatinization and the accumulation of repetitive DNA and transposons. B-chromosome frequencies in populations result from a balance between their transmission rates and their effects on host fitness. Their long-term evolution is considered to be the outcome of selection on the host genome to eliminate B chromosomes or suppress their effects and on the B chromosome's ability to escape through the generation of new variants. Because B chromosomes interact with the standard chromosomes, they can play an important role in genome evolution and may be useful for studying molecular evolutionary processes.
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              Modes of spontaneous chromosomal mutation and karyotype evolution in ants with reference to the minimum interaction hypothesis.

              Charlotte S R Taylor, H Imai, M W Crosland … (1988)
              Aspects of chromosomal mutation and karyotype evolution in ants are discussed with reference to recently accumulated karyological data, and to detailed karyotype analyses of several species or species complexes with low chromosome number and unusual chromosomal mutations (the complexes of Myrmecia pilosula (Smith) (n = 1, 5 or 9 to 16); M. piliventris Smith (n = 2, 3-4, 17 or 32), and Ponera scabra Wheeler (n = 3 or 4, 2n = 7 or 8). Translocations and Robertsonian polymorphisms are confirmed to be non-randomly distributed among ants -the former are found at high frequencies in species with low chromosome numbers (n less than or equal to 12), while the latter predominate in those with high numbers (n greater than 12). This situation is consistent with the minimum interaction hypothesis of Imai et al. (1986), under which translocations are expected to occur most frequently in low-numbered karyotypes, and that the resulting genetic risks are minimized by increases in chromosome and/or arm numbers through centric fission and pericentric inversion. Centric fusion is considered to be a transient event in karyotype evolution, resulting from telomere instability in acrocentric chromosomes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Genet Mol Biol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): GMB
                Title: Genetics and Molecular Biology
                Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira de Genética (Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil )
                ISSN (Print): 1415-4757
                ISSN (Electronic): 1678-4685
                Publication date (Print): Oct-Dec 2009
                Publication date (Electronic): 1 December 2009
                Volume: 32
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 782-785
                Affiliations
                [1 ]simpleUniversidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Ilhéus, BA Brazil
                [2 ]simpleDepartamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, BA Brazil
                [3 ]simpleUniversidade Federal do Recôncavo Baiano, Cruz das Almas, Bahia Brazil
                Author notes
                Send correspondence to Marco Antônio Costa. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, 45662-000 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil. E-mail: costama@ 123456uesc.br .
                Article
                DOI: 10.1590/S1415-47572009005000065
                PMC ID: 3036897
                PubMed ID: 21637454
                SO-VID: 6d82ddad-aac1-4293-898a-596c71b4c66a
                Copyright © Copyright © 2009, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 7 October 2008
                Date accepted : 11 March 2009
                Categories
                Subject: Animal Genetics
                Subject: Short Communication

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: geographic variation,supernumerary chromosomes,stingless bee,partamona helleri
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: geographic variation, supernumerary chromosomes, stingless bee, partamona helleri

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