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      Disposable DNA Amplification Chips with Integrated Low-Cost Heaters †

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          Abstract

          Fast point-of-use detection of, for example, early-stage zoonoses, e.g., Q-fever, bovine tuberculosis, or the Covid-19 coronavirus, is beneficial for both humans and animal husbandry as it can save lives and livestock. The latter prevents farmers from going bankrupt after a zoonoses outbreak. This paper describes the development of a fabrication process and the proof-of-principle of a disposable DNA amplification chip with an integrated heater. Based on the analysis of the milling process, metal adhesion studies, and COMSOL MultiPhysics heat transfer simulations, the first batch of chips has been fabricated and successful multiple displacement amplification reactions are performed inside these chips. This research is the first step towards the development of an early-stage zoonoses detection device. Tests with real zoonoses and DNA specific amplification reactions still need to be done.

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          Most cited references71

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          Detection of loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction by turbidity derived from magnesium pyrophosphate formation.

          The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a novel nucleic acid amplification method that uses only one type of enzyme. One of the characteristics of the LAMP method is its ability to synthesize extremely large amount of DNA. Accordingly, a large amount of by-product, pyrophosphate ion, is produced, yielding white precipitate of magnesium pyrophosphate in the reaction mixture. Judging the presence or absence of this white precipitate allows easy distinction of whether nucleic acid was amplified by the LAMP method. Since an increase in the turbidity of the reaction mixture according to the production of precipitate correlates with the amount of DNA synthesized, real-time monitoring of the LAMP reaction was achieved by real-time measurement of turbidity. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
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            • Abstract: not found
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            Inhibition and facilitation of nucleic acid amplification.

            I. WILSON (1997)
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              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Micromilling: a method for ultra-rapid prototyping of plastic microfluidic devices.

              This tutorial review offers protocols, tips, insight, and considerations for practitioners interested in using micromilling to create microfluidic devices. The objective is to provide a potential user with information to guide them on whether micromilling would fill a specific need within their overall fabrication strategy. Comparisons are made between micromilling and other common fabrication methods for plastics in terms of technical capabilities and cost. The main discussion focuses on "how-to" aspects of micromilling, to enable a user to select proper equipment and tools, and obtain usable microfluidic parts with minimal start-up time and effort. The supplementary information provides more extensive discussion on CNC mill setup, alignment, and programming. We aim to reach an audience with minimal prior experience in milling, but with strong interests in fabrication of microfluidic devices.

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Micromachines (Basel)
                Micromachines (Basel)
                micromachines
                Micromachines
                MDPI
                2072-666X
                25 February 2020
                March 2020
                : 11
                : 3
                : 238
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Integrated Devices and Systems, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; nanoakegawa@ 123456gmail.com (F.A.M.); r.g.p.sanders@ 123456utwente.nl (R.S.); r.j.wiegerink@ 123456utwente.nl (R.W.); j.c.lotters@ 123456utwente.nl (J.L.)
                [2 ]Bronkhorst High-Tech BV, Nijverheidsstraat 1A, 7261 AK Ruurlo, The Netherlands
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: h.veltkamp@ 123456utwente.nl ; Tel.: +31-53-489-5594
                [†]

                This paper is an extended version of our paper published in the 4th Microfluidic Handling Systems Conference, Enschede, The Netherlands, 2–4 of October 2019.

                [‡]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6044-5891
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8095-7459
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5571-739X
                Article
                micromachines-11-00238
                10.3390/mi11030238
                7143804
                32106462
                6dc19825-475c-47c0-bb08-3b20128e365d
                © 2020 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 24 January 2020
                : 22 February 2020
                Categories
                Article

                early-stage disease detection,multiple displacement amplification,on-chip dna amplification,integrated heaters,cyclic olefin copolymer,polymer-based disposable microfluidic chips,zoonoses

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