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      Evidence-based recommendations of the Andalusian Group for Nutrition Reflection and Investigation (GARIN) for the management of adult patients with short bowel syndrome Translated title: Recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia del Grupo Andaluz para la Reflexión e Investigación en Nutrición (GARIN) para el manejo del paciente con síndrome de intestino corto

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          Abstract

          Abstract In order to develop evidence-based recommendations and expert consensus for the nutritional management of patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS), we conducted a systematic literature search using the PRISMA methodology plus a critical appraisal following the GRADE scale procedures. Pharmacological treatment with antisecretory drugs, antidiarrheal drugs, and somatostatin contributes to reducing intestinal losses. Nutritional support is based on parenteral nutrition; however, oral intake and/or enteral nutrition should be introduced as soon as possible. In the chronic phase, the diet should have as few restrictions as possible, and be adapted to the SBS type. Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) should be individualized. Single-lumen catheters are recommended and taurolidine should be used for locking the catheter. The HPN's lipid content must be greater than 1 g/kg per week but not exceed 1 g/kg per day, and omega-6 fatty acids (ω6 FAs) should be reduced. Trace element vials with low doses of manganese should be used. Patients with chronic SBS who require long-term HPN/fluid therapy despite optimized treatment should be considered for teduglutide treatment. All patients require a multidisciplinary approach and specialized follow-up. These recommendations and suggestions regarding nutritional management in SBS patients have direct clinical applicability.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Con el fin de desarrollar recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia y el consenso de expertos para el manejo nutricional de los pacientes con síndrome de intestino corto (SIC), realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática utilizando la metodología PRISMA junto a una valoración crítica siguiendo los procedimientos de la escala GRADE. El tratamiento farmacológico con fármacos antisecretores, antidiarreicos y somatostatina contribuye a reducir las pérdidas intestinales. El apoyo nutricional se basa en la nutrición parenteral; sin embargo, la ingesta oral y/o la nutrición enteral deben introducirse lo antes posible. En la fase crónica, la dieta debe tener las menores restricciones posibles y adaptarse al tipo de SIC. La nutrición parenteral domiciliaria (NPD) debe individualizarse. Se recomiendan catéteres de un solo lumen y se debe utilizar taurolidina para bloquear el catéter. El contenido de lípidos de la HPN debe ser superior a 1 g/kg por semana, pero no debe exceder 1 g/kg por día, y debe reducirse el ácido graso omega-6 (AG ω6). Deben utilizarse viales de oligoelementos con dosis bajas de manganeso. Los pacientes con SIC crónico que requieren NPD/fluidoterapia a largo plazo a pesar del tratamiento optimizado deben considerarse para el tratamiento con teduglutida. Todos los pacientes requieren un abordaje multidisciplinar y un seguimiento especializado. Estas recomendaciones y sugerencias con respecto al manejo nutricional de los pacientes con SIC tienen aplicabilidad clínica directa.

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          Most cited references59

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          Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.).

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            GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition – A consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community *

            Summary Rationale This initiative is focused on building a global consensus around core diagnostic criteria for malnutrition in adults in clinical settings. Methods In January 2016, the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) was convened by several of the major global clinical nutrition societies. GLIM appointed a core leadership committee and a supporting working group with representatives bringing additional global diversity and expertise. Empirical consensus was reached through a series of face‐to‐face meetings, telephone conferences, and e‐mail communications. Results A two‐step approach for the malnutrition diagnosis was selected, i.e., first screening to identify “at risk” status by the use of any validated screening tool, and second, assessment for diagnosis and grading the severity of malnutrition. The malnutrition criteria for consideration were retrieved from existing approaches for screening and assessment. Potential criteria were subjected to a ballot among the GLIM core and supporting working group members. The top five ranked criteria included three phenotypic criteria (weight loss, low body mass index, and reduced muscle mass) and two etiologic criteria (reduced food intake or assimilation, and inflammation or disease burden). To diagnose malnutrition at least one phenotypic criterion and one etiologic criterion should be present. Phenotypic metrics for grading severity as Stage 1 (moderate) and Stage 2 (severe) malnutrition are proposed. It is recommended that the etiologic criteria be used to guide intervention and anticipated outcomes. The recommended approach supports classification of malnutrition into four etiology‐related diagnosis categories. Conclusion A consensus scheme for diagnosing malnutrition in adults in clinical settings on a global scale is proposed. Next steps are to secure further collaboration and endorsements from leading nutrition professional societies, to identify overlaps with syndromes like cachexia and sarcopenia, and to promote dissemination, validation studies, and feedback. The diagnostic construct should be re‐considered every 3–5 years.
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              Assessment of adult malnutrition and prognosis with bioelectrical impedance analysis: phase angle and impedance ratio.

              Malnutrition affects prognosis in many groups of patients. Although screening tools are available to identify adults at risk for poor nutritional status, a need exists to improve the assessment of malnutrition by identifying the loss of functional tissues that can lead to frailty, compromised physical function, and increased risk of morbidity and mortality, particularly among hospitalized and ill patients and older adults. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) offers a practical approach to identify malnutrition and prognosis by assessing whole-body cell membrane quality and depicting fluid distribution for an individual.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                December 2021
                : 38
                : 6
                : 1287-1303
                Affiliations
                [15] Málaga Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Málaga orgdiv1Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga orgdiv2Endocrinology and Nutrition Clinical Management Unit Spain
                [5] Jaén orgnameComplejo Hospitalario de Jaén orgdiv1Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Spain
                [9] Jaén orgnameHospital General de Linares orgdiv1Nutrition and Dietetics Unit Spain
                [11] Seville orgnameInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) orgdiv1Endocrine Diseases Research Group Spain
                [13] Huelva orgnameHospital Juan Ramón Jiménez orgdiv1Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Spain
                [1] Cádiz orgnameHospital Universitario Puerta del Mar orgdiv1Endocrinology and Nutrition Clinical Management Unit Spain
                [10] Seville orgnameHospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío orgdiv1Endocrinology and Nutrition Clinical Management Unit Spain
                [4] Málaga orgnameInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA) Spain
                [12] Seville orgnameHospital Universitario Virgen Macarena orgdiv1Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Spain
                [8] Córdoba orgnameInstituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC) Spain
                [14] Granada orgnameHospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves orgdiv1Endocrinology and Nutrition Clinical Management Unit Spain
                [17] Seville orgnameGARIN Group orgdiv1GARIN Group Spain
                [7] Córdoba orgnameHospital Universitario Reina Sofía orgdiv1Endocrinology and Nutrition Clinical Management Unit Spain
                [3] Málaga orgnameHospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria orgdiv1Endocrinology and Nutrition Clinical Management Unit Spain
                [16] Madrid orgnameInstituto de Salud Carlos III orgdiv1CIBERDEM (CB07/08/0019) Spain
                [6] Seville orgnameHospital Universitario de Valme orgdiv1Endocrinology and Nutrition Clinical Management Unit Spain
                [2] Cádiz orgnameInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Cádiz (INIBICA) Spain
                Article
                S0212-16112021000700025 S0212-1611(21)03800600025
                10.20960/nh.03705
                34448398
                6dd597a2-24d5-4e00-8f4e-b063b2e5cbb7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 May 2021
                : 22 June 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 60, Pages: 17
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Reviews

                Teduglutide,Síndrome del intestino corto,Nutrición parenteral domiciliaria,Teduglutida,Short bowel syndrome,Home parenteral nutrition

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